class Exercise:
    #def __init__(self):
    def prompt(self, problem_index):
        if problem_index == '18':
            return '''
You are crafting the 18th problem, which is about identifying the purpose of the writing, for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. Then, create a letter based on the content of this paragraph. After that, proceed to formulate a problem in the same format as the previous exam. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Donna Williams, a science teacher at Rogan High School, is organizing a special workshop for the school's science teachers. She is particularly interested in finding effective ways to teach science classes online. Meanwhile, Ms. Green has developed methods for utilizing internet platforms in science education.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

18. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Dear Ms. Green,
My name is Donna Williams, a science teacher at Rogan High School. I am planning a special workshop for our science teachers. We are interested in learning how to teach online science classes. I have been impressed with your ideas about using internet platforms for science classes. Since you are an expert in online education, I would like to ask you to deliver a special lecture at the workshop scheduled for next month. I am sure the lecture will help our teachers manage successful online science classes, and I hope we can learn from your insights. I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely, Donna Williams

① 과학 교육 정책 협의회 참여를 독려하려고
② 과학 교사 워크숍의 특강을 부탁하려고
③ 과학 교사 채용 계획을 공지하려고
④ 과학 교육 프로그램 개발을 요청하려고
⑤ 과학 교육 워크숍 일정의 변경을 안내하려고

정답: ②
해설: [출제 의도] 글의 목적 파악
[해석]
Green 씨께
저의 이름은 Donna Williams이며, Rogan 고등학교의 과학 교사입니다. 저는 우리 학교의 과학 교사들을 위한 특별 워크숍을 계획하고 있습니다. 저희는 온라인 과학 수업을 가르치는 방법을 배우는 데 관심을 가지고 있습니다. 저는 과학 수업에 인터넷 플랫폼을 사용하는 데 대한 귀하의 아이디어에 감명을 받았습니다. 귀하가 온라인 교육의 전문가이기에, 저는 다음 달에 계획된 워크숍에 귀하가 특별 강연을 해주시기를 부탁드리고자 합니다. 저희 교사들이 성공적인 온라인 과학 수업을 해내는 데 강의가 도움이 되리라고 확신하며 귀하의 통찰력으로부터 저희가 배울 수 있기를 희망합니다. 귀하의 답변을 고대하고 있겠습니다.
Donna Williams 드림
[풀이]
고등학교의 과학 교사가 온라인 교육 전문가에게 자신이 속한 학교의 교사들을 위한 워크숍에 강의를 해 달라고 부탁하고 있으므로, 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은 ②이다.
[Words and Phrases]
workshop 워크숍, 연수회 | impressed 감명을 받은 | expert 전문가 | special lecture 특강 | insight 통찰력 | scheduled 예정된 | deliver a manage 해내다, 성공하다

You must create the 18th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in Korean, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 18. When the sender does not appear in the passage, do not write the sender using placeholder names like '[Your Name]' or '(Name)', but replace it with an appropriate person's name instead. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 18th problem, starting with '18.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '19':
            return '''
You are crafting the 19th problem, which focuses on understanding the protagonist's emotional changes, for student learning whenever a text is provided.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
To create queries asking about the protagonist's emotional changes, passages that are expository or argumentative must be transformed into stories or critiques with a clear protagonist showing emotional transitions. If there is no human protagonist, create an individual protagonist and depict their experiences. Therefore, first change the content of the passage into the story of a certain individual protagonist in English. For example, if a passage about KNS Education is given, it means to create a story with a protagonist who is a student learning there, a visiting student, or a parent who visited and entrusted their child to the institution. The problem consists of a query which must include the Korean expression '심경 변화,' a passage in English, options, a correct answer, and an explanation. Ensure that the passage must be in English.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

It was Evelyn's first time to explore the Badlands of Alberta, famous across Canada for its numerous dinosaur fossils. As a young amateur bone-hunter, she was overflowing with anticipation. She had not travelled this far for the bones of common dinosaur species. Her life-long dream to find rare fossils of dinosaurs was about to come true. She began eagerly searching for them. After many hours of wandering throughout the deserted lands, however, she was unsuccessful.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

19. 다음 글에 나타난 Evelyn의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?
It was Evelyn's first time to explore the Badlands of Alberta, famous across Canada for its numerous dinosaur fossils. As a young amateur bone-hunter, she was overflowing with anticipation. She had not travelled this far for the bones of common dinosaur species. Her life-long dream to find rare fossils of dinosaurs was about to come true. She began eagerly searching for them. After many hours of wandering throughout the deserted lands, however, she was unsuccessful. Now, the sun was beginning to set, and her goal was still far beyond her reach. Looking at the slowly darkening ground before her, she sighed to herself, "I can't believe I came all this way for nothing. What a waste of time!"

① confused → scared
② discouraged → confident
③ relaxed → annoyed
④ indifferent → depressed
⑤ hopeful → disappointed

정답: ⑤
해설: [출제 의도] 심경 변화 파악
[해석]
캐나다 전역에서 그곳의 수많은 공룡 화석으로 유명한 앨버타주의 Badlands를 탐험하는 것이 Evelyn에게는 처음이었다. 젊은 아마추어 (공룡) 뼈 발굴자로서, 그녀는 기대감으로 가득 차 있었다. 그녀는 흔한 공룡 종의 뼈를 위해서 이렇게 멀리까지 이동하지는 않았다. 진기한 공룡 화석을 발견하고자 하는 그녀의 평생에 걸친 꿈이 막 실현되려고 하고 있었다. 그녀는 열심히 그것들을 찾기 시작했다. 하지만 황량한 땅을 여러 시간 헤매고 다닌 후에도 그녀는 성과를 얻지 못했다. 이제 해가 지기 시작하고 있었고, 그녀의 목표는 여전히 멀리 그녀의 손이 닿지 않는 곳에 있었다. 천천히 어두워지는 그녀 앞의 지면을 바라보면서 그녀는 혼자 한숨을 쉬며 말했다. "이렇게 먼 길을 와서 아무것도 얻지 못하다니 믿을 수가 없어. 무슨 시간 낭비란 말인가!"
[풀이]
공룡 화석으로 유명한 곳을 처음 방문한 Evelyn은 진기한 공룡 화석을 발견하려는 자신의 꿈이 이루어질 것으로 생각하고 기대감으로 가득 차 있었지만 해가 지고 어두워질 때까지 아무것도 찾지 못하자 시간 낭비만 했다고 실망하고 있다. 따라서 Evelyn의 심경 변화로 적절한 것은 ⑤ '기대하는→ 실망스러운'이다.
① 혼란스러운 → 무서워하는
② 낙담한 → 자신에 찬
④ 느긋한 → 성가신
⑤ 무관심한 → 낙심한
[Words and Phrases]
explore 탐험하다 | numerous 수많은 | bone-hunter 뼈 발굴자 | overflow 가득차다 | anticipation 기대감 | rare 진기한 | eagerly 열심히 | wander 헤매다 | deserted 황량한, 버려진 | sigh 한숨을 쉬다

You must create the 19th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
This problem must consist of a query number, a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 19. 
Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
For example, in a previous problem 19, '19. 다음 글에 나타난 Evelyn의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?' is the query, and the entire content including this query, passage, options, etc., is the problem. Be sure to clearly distinguish between the query and the problem, and note that the passage within the problem must be in English. Since this is an English exam, the passage must be in English.
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 19th problem, starting with '19.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '20':
            return '''
You are crafting the 20th problem, which aims to grasp the author's argument, for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

One of the most common mistakes made by organizations when they first consider experimenting with social media is that they focus too much on social media tools and platforms and not enough on their business objectives. The reality of success in the social web for businesses is that creating a social media program begins not with insight into the latest social media tools and channels but with a thorough understanding of the organization's own goals and objectives.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

20. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

One of the most common mistakes made by organizations when they first consider experimenting with social media is that they focus too much on social media tools and platforms and not enough on their business objectives. The reality of success in the social web for businesses is that creating a social media program begins not with insight into the latest social media tools and channels but with a thorough understanding of the organization's own goals and objectives. A social media program is not merely the fulfillment of a vague need to manage a "presence" on popular social networks because "everyone else is doing it." "Being in social media" serves no purpose in and of itself. In order to serve any purpose at all, a social media presence must either solve a problem for the organization and its customers or result in an improvement of some sort (preferably a measurable one). In all things, purpose drives success. The world of social media is no different.

① 기업 이미지에 부합하는 소셜 미디어를 직접 개발하여 운영해야 한다.
② 기업은 사회적 가치와 요구를 반영하여 사업 목표를 수립해야 한다.
③ 기업은 소셜미디어를 활용할 때 사업목표를 토대로 해야 한다.
④ 소셜 미디어로 제품을 홍보할 때는 구체적인 정보를 제공해야 한다.
⑤ 소비자의 의견을 수렴하기 위해 소셜 미디어를 적극 활용해야 한다.

정답: ③
해설: [출제 의도] 필자의 주장 파악
[해석]
조직이 소셜 미디어로 실험하는 것을 처음 고려할 때 범하는 가장 일반적인 실수 중 하나는 너무 지나치게 소셜 미디어 도구와 플랫폼에 중점을 두고 조직 자체의 사업 목표에는 충분히 중점을 두지 않는 것이다. 기업을 위한 소셜 웹에서의 성공의 실제는 소셜 미디어 프로그램을 고안하는 것이 최신 소셜 미디어 도구와 채널에 대한 통찰력이 아니라 조직 자체의 목적과 목표에 대한 철저한 이해와 더불어 시작된다는 것이다. 소셜 미디어 프로그램은 그저'다른 모든 이가 하고 있기 때문에 인기 소셜 네트워크상에서 '존재'를 관리해야 할 막연한 필요를 이행하는 것이 아니다. '소셜 미디어에 있다는 것'은 그 자체로는 아무 쓸모도 없다. 조금이라도 어떤 쓸모가 있으려면, 소셜 미디어상의 존재는 조직과 조직의 고객을 위해 문제를 해결하거나 어떤 종류의 개선이라는 결과(될 수 있으면 측정 가능한 결과)를 가져와야 한다. 어떤 일이든, 목적이 성공을 이끌어낸다. 소셜 미디어의 세계도 다르지 않다.
[풀이]
조직이 소셜 미디어 프로그램을 고안할 때 가장 흔히 하는 실수가 소셜 미디어 도구와 플랫폼에 너무 많은 집중을 하고, 그들의 사업 목표에는 충분한 주목을 하지 않는다는 것임을 말하고 있다. 필자는 소셜 미디어 프로그램을 시작할 때는 최신 소셜 미디어 도구와 채널에 대한 통찰력이 아니라 조직의 목표와 목적에 대한 철저한 이해로 시작해야 한다고 주장한다. 그러므로 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은 ③이다.
[Words and Phrases]
organization 조직 | objective 목표 | insight 통찰력 | thorough 철저한 | fulfillment 이행, 충족 | vague 막연한 | in and of itself 그것 자체로는 | preferably 될 수 있으면, 되도록이면 | measurable 측정 가능한

You must create the 20th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
Change the given passage to something completely different while maintaining a similar level of writing. Alter the content significantly from the original text in terms of subject matter, theme, field, and era.
To create queries asking about the author's argument, texts with weak claims must be transformed into editorials. Therefore, first change the content of the passage into persuasive writing.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in Korean, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 20. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 20th problem, starting with '20.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '21':
            return '''
You are crafting the 21st problem, which is about discerning what a key sentence in the text implies, for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

A narrow focus heightens the stress level of each experience, but a widened focus turns down the stress level because you're better able to put each situation into a broader perspective. One anxiety-provoking detail is less important than the bigger picture. It's like transforming yourself into a nonstick frying pan. You can still fry an egg, but the egg won't stick to the pan.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

21. 밑줄 친 ___a nonstick frying pan___이 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
How you focus your attention plays a critical role in how you deal with stress. Scattered attention harms your ability to let go of stress, because even though your attention is scattered, it is narrowly focused, for you are able to fixate only on the stressful parts of your experience. When your attentional spotlight is widened, you can more easily let go of stress. You can put in perspective many more aspects of any situation and not get locked into one part that ties you down to superficial and anxiety-provoking levels of attention. A narrow focus heightens the stress level of each experience, but a widened focus turns down the stress level because you're better able to put each situation into a broader perspective. One anxiety-provoking detail is less important than the bigger picture. It's like transforming yourself into ___a nonstick frying pan___. You can still fry an egg, but the egg won't stick to the pan.

① never being confronted with any stressful experiences in daily life
② broadening one's perspective to identify the cause of stress
③ rarely confining one's attention to positive aspects of an experience
④ having a larger view of an experience beyond its stressful aspects
⑤ taking stress into account as the source of developing a wide view

정답: ④
해설: [출제 의도] 함축 의미 추론
[해석]
여러분이 여러분의 주의를 집중하는 방식은 여러분이 스트레스에 대처하는 방식에 중요한 역할을 한다. 주의가 분산되면 스트레스를 해소하는 능력이 손상되는데, 왜냐하면 여러분의 주의가 분산되더라도, 여러분은 여러분의 경험 중 스트레스가 많은 부분에만 집착할 수 있으므로, 그것이 좁게 집중되기 때문이다. 여러분의 주의의 초점이 넓어지면, 여러분은 스트레스를 더 쉽게 해소할 수 있다. 여러분은 어떤 상황이라도 그 상황의 더 많은 측면을 균형 있는 시각으로 볼 수 있으며, 피상적이고 불안을 유발하는 주의 수준으로 여러분을 옭아매는 한 부분에 갇히지 않을 수 있다. 초점이 좁으면 각 경험의 스트레스 수준이 높아지지만, 초점이 넓으면 여러분은 각 상황을 더 넓은 시각으로 더 잘 볼 수 있기 때문에 스트레스 수준이 낮아진다. 불안감을 유발하는 하나의 세부 사항은 더 큰 전체적인 상황보다 덜 중요하다. 그것은 여러분 자신을 ___들러붙지 않는 프라이팬___으로 변형시키는 것과 같다. 여러분은 여전히 달걀을 부칠 수 있지만, 그 달걀이 팬에 들러붙지 않을 것이다.
[풀이]
주의의 초점이 넓으면 불안감을 유발하는 측면에 얽매이는 것에서 벗어나 상황을 더 넓은 시각에서 볼 수 있기 때문에, 스트레스 수준이 낮아진다는 것이 글의 중심 내용이다. 따라서 밑줄 친 부분이 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은 ④ '스트레스를 주는 측면을 넘어 경험에 대한 더 넓은 시각을 갖는 것'이다.
① 일상생활에서 스트레스가 많은 어떤 경험에도 결코 직면하지 않는 것
② 스트레스의 원인을 파악하기 위해 시각을 넓히는 것
③ 경험의 긍정적인 측면에 주의를 거의 제한하지 않는 것
⑤ 넓은 시각을 개발하는 원천으로 스트레스를 고려하는 것
[Words and Phrases]
scatter 분산시키다, 흩뜨리다 | let go of ~을 해소하다[놓아주다] | fixate on ~에 집착하다 | attentional spotlight 주의의 초점, 주의의 집중 | put ~ in perspective ~을 균형 있는 시각으로 보다 | tie down to ~에 옭아매다 | superficial 피상적인 | anxiety-provoking 불안감을 유발하는 | the bigger picture 더 큰 전체적인 상황, 큰 그림 | transform 변형시키다 | nonstick 들러붙지 않는

You must create the 21st problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
The problem should consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 21. 
To create this problem, you need to include a phrase or clause in the passage that has an implicit meaning.
Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
The part mentioned in the query must be underlined in the English passage.
Create the 21st problem, starting with '21.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '22':
            return '''
You are crafting the 22nd problem for students to summarize the main point of the text, whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

In many countries, the fact that some environmental hazards are difficult to avoid at the individual level is felt to be more morally egregious than those hazards that can be avoided. Having no choice but to drink water contaminated with very high levels of arsenic, or being forced to passively breathe in tobacco smoke in restaurants, outrages people more than the personal choice of whether an individual smokes tobacco. These factors are important when one considers how risk reduction happens.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
Environmental hazards include biological, physical, and chemical ones, along with the human behaviors that promote or allow exposure. Some environmental contaminants are difficult to avoid (the breathing of polluted air, the drinking of chemically contaminated public drinking water, noise in open public spaces); in these circumstances, exposure is largely involuntary. Reduction or elimination of these factors may require societal action, such as public awareness and public health measures. In many countries, the fact that some environmental hazards are difficult to avoid at the individual level is felt to be more morally egregious than those hazards that can be avoided. Having no choice but to drink water contaminated with very high levels of arsenic, or being forced to passively breathe in tobacco smoke in restaurants, outrages people more than the personal choice of whether an individual smokes tobacco. These factors are important when one considers how change (risk reduction) happens.

① 개인이 피하기 어려운 유해 환경 요인에 대해서는 사회적 대응이 필요하다.
② 환경오염으로 인한 피해자들에게 적절한 보상을 하는 것이 바람직하다.
③ 다수의 건강을 해치는 행위에 대해 도덕적 비난 이상의 조치가 요구된다.
④ 환경오염 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 사후 대응보다 예방이 중요하다.
⑤ 대기오염 문제는 인접 국가들과의 긴밀한 협력을 통해 해결할 수 있다.

정답: ①
해설: [출제 의도] 요지 파악
[해석]
환경 위험 요인에는 생물학적, 물리적, 화학적 위험 요인과 함께 노출을 조장하거나 허용하는 인간의 행동이 포함된다. (오염된 공기의 호흡, 화학적으로 오염된 공공 식수의 음용, 개방된 공공장소에서의 소음처럼) 일부 환경 오염 물질은 피하기가 어렵고, 이러한 상황에서 노출은 대개 자기도 모르게 이루어진다. 이러한 요인의 감소 또는 제거에는 대중의 인식 및 공중 보건 조치와 같은 사회적 조치가 필요할 수도 있다. 많은 국가에서, 일부 환경적 위험 요인이 개인 수준에서 피하기 어렵다는 사실은 피할 수 있는 그 위험 요인보다 도덕적으로 더 매우 나쁜 것으로 느껴진다. 어쩔 수 없이 매우 높은 수준의 비소로 오염된 물을 마실 수밖에 없는 것이나, 식당에서 담배 연기를 수동적으로 들이마시도록 강요당하는 것은 개인이 담배를 피울지 말지에 대한 개인적인 선택보다 더 사람들을 화나게 한다. 이러한 요인들은 변화(위험 감소)가 어떻게 일어나는지를 고려할 때 중요하다.
[풀이]
개인이 피하기 어려운 환경 위험 요인을 줄이거나 제거하기 위해서는 대중의 인식 제고와 공중 보건 조치와 같은 사회적 대응이 필요하다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은 ①이다.
[Words and Phrases]
hazard 위험 (요인) | promote 조장하다, 촉진하다 | exposure 노출, 접함 | contaminant 오염물질 | avoid 피하다 | involuntary 자기도 모르게 하는 | reduction 감소 | elimination 제거 | societal 사회의 | awareness 인식 | measure 조치 | have no choice but to do (어쩔 수 없이) ~하는 수밖에 없다 | passively 수동적으로

You must create the 22nd problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in Korean, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 22. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 22nd problem, starting with '22.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '23':
            return '''
You are crafting the 23rd problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Scientists use paradigms rather than believing them. Thomas Kuhn noted that scientists "can agree in their identification of a paradigm without agreeing on, or even attempting to produce, a full interpretation or rationalization of it. Lack of a standard interpretation or of an agreed reduction to rules will not prevent a paradigm from guiding research."

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Scientists use paradigms rather than believing them. The use of a paradigm in research typically addresses related problems by employing shared concepts, symbolic expressions, experimental and mathematical tools and procedures, and even some of the same theoretical statements. Scientists need only understand how to use these various elements in ways that others would accept. These elements of shared practice thus need not presuppose any comparable unity in scientists' beliefs about what they are doing when they use them. Indeed, one role of a paradigm is to enable scientists to work successfully without having to provide a detailed account of what they are doing or what they believe about it. Thomas Kuhn noted that scientists "can agree in their identification of a paradigm without agreeing on, or even attempting to produce, a full interpretation or rationalization of it. Lack of a standard interpretation or of an agreed reduction to rules will not prevent a paradigm from guiding research.

① difficultyindrawingnoveltheoriesfromexistingparadigms
② significant influence of personal beliefs in scientific fields
③ key factors that promote the rise of innovative paradigms
④ roles of a paradigm in grouping like-minded researchers
⑤ functional aspects of a paradigm in scientific research

정답: ⑤
해설: [출제 의도] 주제 추론
[해석]
과학자들은 패러다임을 믿기보다는 그것을 사용한다. 연구에서 패러다임의 사용은 일반적으로 공유된 개념, 상징적 표현, 실험 및 수학적 도구와 절차, 그리고 심지어 동일한 이론적 진술의 일부를 사용함으로써 관련된 문제들을 다룬다. 과학자들은 다른 사람들이 받아들일 방식으로 이러한 다양한 요소들을 사용하는 방법을 이해하기만 하면 된다. 따라서 이러한 공유된 실행의 요소들은 과학자들이 그것들을 사용할 때 그들이 하고 있는 것에 관한 그들의 믿음에서 그 어떤 비슷한 통일성을 전제로 할 필요는 없다. 실제로, 패러다임의 한 가지 역할은 과학자들이 그들이 무엇을 하고 있는지 또는 그들이 그것에 관해 무엇을 믿고 있는지에 대한 상세한 설명을 제공할 필요 없이 성공적으로 일할 수 있게 하는 것이다. Thomas Kuhn이 언급하기를, 과학자들은 "패러다임에 대한 완전한 해석이나 이론적 설명에 동의하거나, 심지어 그런 것을 만들어 내려고 시도조차 하지 않고도, 그것(패러다임)을 식별하는 데 있어서 일치를 보일 수 있다. 표준적인 해석이나 규칙으로 축약되어 합의된 것이 없다 해도 패러다임이 연구를 안내하는 것을 막지는 못할 것이다."
[풀이]
과학자들의 연구에서 패러다임이 어떻게 사용되며 어떤 역할을 하는지에 대해 쓴 글이다. 따라서 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은 ⑤ '과학 연구에서 패러다임의 기능적 측면'이다.
① 기존의 패러다임으로부터 새로운 이론을 도출하는 데 있어서의 어려움
② 과학 분야에서 개인 신념의 상당한 영향력
③ 혁신적 패러다임의 출현을 고취하는 핵심 요인
④ 생각이 비슷한 연구원들을 분류하는 데 있어서 패러다임의 역할
[Words and Phrases]
paradigm 패러다임 | typically 일반적으로 | address 다루다 | employ 사용하다 | procedure 절차 | theoretical 이론적인 | accept 받아들이다 | presuppose 전제로 하다 | comparable 비슷한 | unity 통일성 | account 설명 | identification 식별, 확인 | interpretation 해석 | rationalization 이론적 설명 | reduction 축약, 축소

You must create the 23rd problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
As a means to diversify the queries, first, change the given passage to something completely different while maintaining a similar level of writing. Alter the content significantly from the original text in terms of subject matter, theme, field, and era.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 23. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 23rd problem, starting with '23.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '24':
            return '''
You are crafting the 24th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Mending and restoring objects often require even more creativity than original production. The preindustrial blacksmith made things to order for people in his immediate community; customizing the product, modifying or transforming it according to the user, was routine. Customers would bring things back if something went wrong; repair was thus an extension of fabrication. With industrialization and eventually with mass production, making things became the province of machine tenders with limited knowledge. But repair continued to require a larger grasp of design and materials, an understanding of the whole and a comprehension of the designer's intentions. "Manufacturers all work by machinery or by vast subdivision of labour and not, so to speak, by hand," an 1896 Manual of Mending and Repairing explained. "But all repairing must be done by hand. We can make every detail of a watch or of a gun by machinery, but the machine cannot mend it when broken, much less a clock or a pistol!"

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Mending and restoring objects often require even more creativity than original production. The preindustrial blacksmith made things to order for people in his immediate community; customizing the product, modifying or transforming it according to the user, was routine. Customers would bring things back if something went wrong; repair was thus an extension of fabrication. With industrialization and eventually with mass production, making things became the province of machine tenders with limited knowledge. But repair continued to require a larger grasp of design and materials, an understanding of the whole and a comprehension of the designer's intentions. "Manufacturers all work by machinery or by vast subdivision of labour and not, so to speak, by hand," an 1896 Manual of Mending and Repairing explained. "But all repairing must be done by hand. We can make every detail of a watch or of a gun by machinery, but the machine cannot mend it when broken, much less a clock or a pistol!"

① Still Left to the Modern Blacksmith: The Art of Repair
② A Historical Survey of How Repairing Skills Evolved
③ How to Be a Creative Repairperson: Tips and Ideas
④ A Process of Repair: Create, Modify, Transform!
⑤ Can Industrialization Mend Our Broken Past?

정답: ①
해설: [출제 의도] 제목 추론
[해석]
물건을 고치고 복원하는 것에는 흔히 최초 제작보다 훨씬 더 많은 창의력이 필요하다. 산업화 이전의 대장장이는 가까이에 사는 마을 사람들을 위해 주문에 따라 물건을 만들었고, 제품을 주문 제작하는 것, 즉 사용자에게 맞게 그것을 수정하거나 변형하는 일이 일상적이었다. 고객들은 뭔가 잘못되면 물건을 다시 가져다주곤 했고, 따라서 수리는 제작의 연장이었다. 산업화와 결국 대량 생산이 이루어지면서, 물건을 만드는 것은 제한된 지식을 지닌 기계 관리자의 영역이 되었다. 그러나 수리에는 설계와 재료에 대한 더 큰 이해, 즉 전체에 대한 이해와 설계자의 의도에 대한 이해가 계속 요구되었다. 1896년의 Manual of Mending and Repairing의 설명에 따르면, "제조업자들은 모두 기계나 방대한 분업으로 일하고, 말하자면 수작업으로 일하지는 않는다." "그러나 모든 수리는 손으로 '해야 한다'. 우리는 기계로 손목시계나 총의 모든 세부적인 것을 만들 수 있지만, 고장 났을 때 기계는 그것을 고칠 수 없으며, 시계나 권총은 말할 것도 없다!"
[풀이]
산업화와 대량 생산으로 인해 물건 제작은 기계의 영역으로 넘어가게 되지만, 수작업으로 하는 수리의 필요성은 계속 남게 되었다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 ① '현대 대장장이에게 여전히 남겨진 것: 수리의 기술'이다.
② 수리의 기술이 어떻게 발전했는가에 관한 역사적 개괄
③ 창의적 수리공이 되는 방법: 조언과 아이디어
④ 수리의 과정: 만들고, 수정하고, 변형하라!
⑤ 산업화가 우리의 부서진 과거를 고칠 수 있을까?
[Words and Phrases]
mend 고치다, 수리하다 | restore 복원하다 | original 최초의, 원래의 | blacksmith
대장장이| make ~ to order 주문에 따라 ~을 만들다 | immediate 아주 가까이의 | customize 주문 제작하다 | modify 수정하다 | transform 변형하다 | extension 연장, 확장 | fabrication 제작 | grasp 이해 | comprehension 이해 | intention 의도 | manufacturer 제조업자 | machinery 기계 | subdivision by labour 분업 | much less ~은 말할 것도 없이

You must create the 24th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
As a means to diversify the queries, first, transform the content of the given passage with ample imagination to alter it into a new narrative with a different atmosphere.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 24. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 24th problem, starting with '24.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '25':
            return '''
You are crafting the 25th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
This problem consists of a query, an illustration, options, a correct answer, and an explanation. Underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___. For the illustration, create a table based on the given passage. Use '-' for horizontal lines and '|' for vertical separators. The following is an example:

[Illustration]
___Achievements of KNS Education over the Years___

Category               | 2015   | 2020   | 2025 (Projected) 
-----------------------|--------|--------|-----------------
Student Enrollment     | 8,000  | 10,000 | 14,000   
TEPS Average Score     | 840    | 860    | 880    
Number of Instructors  | 120    | 150    | 180    
Technology Integration | 30%    | 50%    | 70%    
Parental Engagement    | High   | Higher | Highest

A past English passage used for this problem type was:
Over the course of a decade, from 2015 to 2025, there have been notable shifts in the distribution of the global middle class by region. The Asia-Pacific region witnessed the most significant increase, with its share of the middle class rising from 46% in 2015 to an anticipated 60% by 2025. In contrast, Europe's share is expected to decrease from 24% in 2015 to 16% in 2025. North America and Central and South America also see reductions in their shares, dropping from 11% to 8% and from 9% to 7% respectively. Interestingly, the Middle East and North Africa as well as Sub-Saharan Africa are both projected to maintain stable percentages, with both regions holding at 6% and 4% respectively over the decade.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

25. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

[Illustration]
___Share of the Global Middle Class by Region in 2015 and in 2025___

___Asia-Pacific___
2015: 46%
2025: 60%
___Europe___
2015: 24%
2025: 16%
___North America___
2015: 11%
2025: 8%
___Central and South America___
2015: 9%
2025: 7%
___Middle East and North Africa___
2015: 6%
2025: 6%
___Sub-Saharan Africa___
2015: 4%
2025: 4%
The above graphs show the percentage share of the global middle class by region in 2015 and its projected share in 2025. ① It is projected that the share of the global middle class in Asia Pacific will increase from 46 percent in 2015 to 60 percent in 2025. ② The projected share of Asia Pacific in 2025, the largest among the six regions, is more than three times that of Europe in the same year. ③ The shares of Europe and North America are both projected to decrease, from 24 percent in 2015 to 16 percent in 2025 for Europe, and from 11 percent in 2015 to 8 percent in 2025 for North America. ④ Central and South America is not expected to change from 2015 to 2025 in its share of the global middle class. ⑤ In 2025, the share of the Middle East and North Africa will be larger than that of sub-Saharan Africa, as it was in 2015.

정답: ④
해설: [출제 의도] 표 내용 일치 파악
[해석]
위의 그래프들은 지역별로 2015년 세계 중산층의 점유율과 2025년에 예상되는 점유율을 보여준다. 아시아 태평양 지역의 세계 중산층 점유율은 2015년에 46퍼센트로부터 2025년에는 60퍼센트로 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 2025년의 아시아 태평양 지역의 예상 점유율은 여섯 개의 지역 중에서 가장 크며, 같은 해 유럽의 예상 점유율의 세 배보다 더 많다. 유럽과 북미 지역의 점유율은, 유럽은 2015년에 24퍼센트로부터 2025년에 16퍼센트로, 북미 지역은 2015년에 11퍼센트로부터 2025년에 8퍼센트로, 둘 다 감소할 것으로 예상된다. 중남미 지역은 세계 중산층 점유율에 있어서 2015년에서 2025년까지 변화하지 않을 것으로 예상된다. 2015년에 그랬듯이, 2025년에 중동 및 북아프리카의 점유율은 사하라 사막 이남의 아프리카의 점유율보다 더 클 것이다.
[풀이]
중남미 지역의 세계 중산층 점유율은 2015년에 9퍼센트였고, 2025년의 예상 점유율은 7퍼센트로, 2퍼센트 감소할 것으로 예상된다. 그러므로 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은 ④이다.
[Words and Phrases] 
share 점유율 | middle class 중산층 | region 지역 | sub-Saharan Africa 사하라
사막 이남의 아프리카 | rounding 반올림 | project 예상하다

You must create the 25th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
To create queries asking about the statistical interpretation of a chart, first, transform the given passage so that statistical figures are specifically presented following a certain trend.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, an illustration in English, a brief description, five options in English numbered ①, ②, ③, ④, ⑤ embedded within the passage, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 25. You should follow a brief description of the illustration, starting with "The above illustration shows," with five numbered sentences from ① to ⑤ to complete a single paragraph. Among the five numbered sentences, one must contradict the information in the table. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Only use the given text as the sole source for creating the problem.
Create the 25th problem, starting with '25.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '26':
            return '''
You are crafting the 26th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Donato Bramante, born in Fermignano, Italy, began to paint early in his life. His father encouraged him to study painting. Later, he worked as an assistant of Piero della Francesca in Urbino. Around 1480, he built several churches in a new style in Milan. He had a close relationship with Leonardo da Vinci, and they worked together in that city. Architecture became his main interest, but he did not give up painting. Bramante moved to Rome in 1499 and participated in Pope Julius II's plan for the renewal of Rome. He planned the new Basilica of St. Peter in Rome ― one of the most ambitious building projects in the history of humankind. Bramante died on April 11, 1514 and was buried in Rome.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

26. Donato Bramante에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Donato Bramante, born in Fermignano, Italy, began to paint early in his life. His father encouraged him to study painting. Later, he worked as an assistant of Piero della Francesca in Urbino. Around 1480, he built several churches in a new style in Milan. He had a close relationship with Leonardo da Vinci, and they worked together in that city. Architecture became his main interest, but he did not give up painting. Bramante moved to Rome in 1499 and participated in Pope Julius II's plan for the renewal of Rome. He planned the new Basilica of St. Peter in Rome ― one of the most ambitious building projects in the history of humankind. Bramante died on April 11, 1514 and was buried in Rome. His buildings influenced other architects for centuries.

① Piero della Francesca의 조수로 일했다.
② Milan에서 새로운 양식의 교회들을 건축했다.
③ 건축에 주된 관심을 갖게 되면서 그림 그리기를 포기했다.
④ Pope Julius II의 Rome 재개발 계획에 참여했다.
⑤ 그의 건축물들은 다른 건축가들에게 영향을 끼쳤다.

정답: ③
해설: [출제 의도] 글의 세부 내용 파악
[해석]
이탈리아의 Fermignano에서 태어난 Donato Bramante는 인생에서 일찍이 그림을 그리기 시작했다. 그의 아버지는 그에게 그림을 공부하도록 격려했다. 나중에, 그는 Urbino에서 Piero della Francesca의 조수로 일했다. 1480년경, 그는 Milan에 몇 개의 교회들을 새로운 양식으로 건축했다. 그는 Leonardo da Vinci와 친근한 관계를 맺었으며, 그들은 그 도시에서 함께 작업했다. 건축이 그의 주요한 관심사가 되었지만, 그는 그림을 포기하지 않았다. Bramante는 1499년에 Rome으로 이주해서 교황 Julius 2세의 Rome 재개발 계획에 참여했다. 그는 Rome의 성 베드로 대성당의 새로운 바실리카를 구상했는데, 그것은 인류 역사상 가장 야심 찬 건축 프로젝트 중 하나였다. Bramante는 1514년 4월 11일에 사망했으며 Rome에 묻혔다. 그의 건축물들은 여러 세기 동안 다른 건축가들에게 영향을 끼쳤다.
[풀이]
건축이 그의 주요한 관심사가 되었지만, 그는 그림을 포기하지 않았다고 했으므로, 글
의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은 ③이다.
[Words and Phrases]
assistant 조수 | architecture 건축 | pope 교황 | renewal 재개발 | basilica 바실리카(끝 부분이 둥그렇고, 내부에 기둥이 두 줄로 서 있는 큰 교회나 회관) | ambitious | 야심 찬 | bury 묻다, 매장하다 | influence 영향을 끼치다 | architect 건축가

You must create the 26th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in Korean, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 26. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 26th problem, starting with '26.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '27':
            return '''
You are crafting the 27th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, an information sheet, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
You need to convert a regular sentence into an information format, and then create a query based on that information sheet to identify the incorrect content. Out of five options, four should contain correct information, while one should be the incorrect content. Underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Protecting the environment is essential for the well-being of both the planet and humanity. The ongoing issues of climate change, pollution, and the depletion of natural resources are critical challenges that require immediate attention. Every individual and community has a responsibility to adopt sustainable practices, such as reducing waste and conserving energy. Small actions, like using reusable products and minimizing plastic, can collectively have a significant impact. Moreover, governments and organizations must prioritize green policies to ensure a sustainable future. By taking these steps, we can help preserve the Earth for future generations.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

27. Cornhill No Paper Cup Challenge에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
___Cornhill No Paper Cup Challenge___
Cornhill High School invites you to join the "No Paper Cup Challenge." This encourages you to reduce your use of paper cups. Let's save the earth together!
How to Participate
1) After being chosen, record a video showing you are using a tumbler.
2) Choose the next participant by saying his or her name in the video.
3) Uploadthevideotoourschoolwebsitewithin24hours.
※ Thestudentcouncilpresidentwillstartthechallengeon December 1st, 2021.
Additional Information
- The challenge will last for two weeks.
- All participants will receive T-shirts.
If you have questions about the challenge, contact us at cornhillsc@chs.edu.

① 참가자는 텀블러를 사용하는 자신의 동영상을 찍는다.
② 참가자가 동영상을 업로드할 곳은 학교 웹사이트이다.
③ 학생회장이 시작할 것이다.
④ 두 달 동안 진행될 예정이다.
⑤ 참가자 전원이 티셔츠를 받을 것이다.

정답: ④
해설: [출제 의도] 안내문의 세부 내용 파악
[해석]
___Cornhill 종이컵 사용 않기 챌린지___
Cornhill 고등학교는 '종이컵 사용 않기 챌린지'에 여러분을 초대합니다. 이 행사는 여러분이 종이컵의 사용을 줄이도록 권장합니다. 함께 지구를 구합시다!
참여 방법
1) 선택된 후에, 여러분이 텀블러를 사용하고 있는 동영상을 녹화하십시오.
2) 동영상에서 그 사람의 이름을 말하여 다음 참가자를 선택합니다.
3) 24시간 이내에 우리 학교 웹사이트에 동영상을 업로드하십시오.
※ 총학생회 회장이 2021년 12월 1일에 챌린지를 시작할 것입니다.
추가 정보
- 챌린지는 2주 동안 진행될 것입니다.
- 모든 참가자는 티셔츠를 받게 됩니다.
챌린지에 관한 질문이 있는 경우 cornhillsc@chs.edu로 저희에게 연락해 주십시오.
[풀이]
챌린지는 2주 동안 진행될 것이라고 했으므로, 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은 ④이다.
[Words and Phrases]
challenge 도전 | tumbler 텀블러 | participant 참가자 | student council 총학생회

You must create the 27th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, an information sheet in English, five options in Korean, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 27. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 27th problem, starting with '27.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '28':
            return '''
You are crafting the 28th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, an information sheet, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
You need to convert a regular sentence into an information format, and then create a query based on that information sheet to identify the correct content. Out of five options, four should contain incorrect information, while one should be the correct content. Underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

If your children have a fascination with marine animals, consider letting them spend the night at Goldbeach SeaWorld for a unique experience. Goldbeach SeaWorld offers sleepovers specifically designed for children aged 8 to 12. However, it's essential for a guardian to accompany the children. These sleepovers take place from 5 p.m. on Saturdays to 10 a.m. on Sundays in May 2022. The program includes a guided tour, an underwater show, and even a photo session with a mermaid. The cost for participating is $50 per person, and this price covers both dinner and breakfast. But remember, participants need to bring their sleeping bags and personal items, as these won't be provided by SeaWorld. While the entire event is held indoors, please note that photography is prohibited from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. Anyone interested in more details or planning a visit can check out their official website at www.goldbeachseaworld.com.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

28. Goldbeach SeaWorld Sleepovers에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
___Goldbeach SeaWorld Sleepovers___
Do your children love marine animals? A sleepover at Goldbeach SeaWorld will surely be an exciting overnight experience for them. Join us for a magical underwater sleepover.
Participants:
- Children ages 8 to 12
- Children must be accompanied by a guardian.
When: Saturdays 5 p.m. to Sundays 10 a.m. in May, 2022
Activities: guided tour, underwater show, and photo session with a mermaid
Participation Fee:
- $50 per person (dinner and breakfast included)
Note:
- Sleeping bags and other personal items will not be provided.
- All activities take place indoors.
- Taking photos is not allowed from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m.
For more information, you can visit our website at www.goldbeachseaworld.com.

① 7세 이하의 어린이가 참가할 수 있다.
② 평일에 진행된다.
③ 참가비에 아침 식사가 포함된다.
④ 모든 활동은 야외에서 진행된다.
⑤ 사진 촬영은 언제든지 할 수 있다.

정답: ③
해설: [출제 의도] 안내문의 세부 내용 파악
[해석]
___Goldbeach SeaWorld 하룻밤 행사___
여러분의 자녀는 해양 동물들을 좋아하나요? Goldbeach SeaWorld에서의 하룻밤 행사는 분명히 신나는 하룻밤 동안의 경험이 될 것입니다. 환상적인 수중 하룻밤 행사를 우리와 함께하십시오.
참가자:
- 8세~12세의 아동
- 아동은 보호자를 동반하여야 합니다.
일시: 2022년 5월 매주 토요일 오후 5시 ~ 일요일 오전 10시
활동: 가이드 투어, 수중 쇼, 인어공주와 사진 찍는 시간
참가비:
- 1인당 $50(저녁 식사 및 아침 식사 포함)
참고 사항:
- 침낭 및 기타 개인용품은 제공되지 않습니다.
- 모든 활동은 실내에서 이루어집니다.
- 오후 10시부터 오전 7시까지는 사진 촬영이 허용되지 않습니다.
더 많은 정보를 원하시면 우리 웹사이트 www.goldbeachseaworld.com을 방문하실 수 있습니다.
[풀이]
참가비에 저녁 식사 및 아침 식사가 포함된다고 했으므로, 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은 ③이다.
[Words and Phrases]
sleepover 하룻밤 행사 | overnight 하룻밤 동안의 | guradian 보호자 | photo session 사진 찍는 시간

You must create the 28th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
To create queries that extract precise information from a notice, first, transform the given passage so that it provides various specific details, including figures, locations, dates, and so on.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, an information sheet in English, five options in Korean, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 28. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 28th problem, starting with '28.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '29':
            return '''
You are crafting the 29th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Like whole individuals, cells have a life span. During their life cycle (cell cycle), cell size, shape, and metabolic activities can change dramatically. A cell is "born" as a twin when its mother cell divides, producing two daughter cells. Each daughter cell is smaller than the mother cell, and except for unusual cases, each grows until it becomes as large as the mother cell was. During this time, the cell absorbs water, sugars, amino acids, and other nutrients and assembles them into new, living protoplasm.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Like whole individuals, cells have a life span. During their life cycle, cell size, shape, and metabolic activities can change dramatically. A cell is "born" as a twin when its mother cell divides, ① ___producing___ two daughter cells. Each daughter cell is smaller than the mother cell, and except for unusual cases, each grows until it becomes as large as the mother cell ② ___was___. During this time, the cell absorbs water, sugars, amino acids, and other nutrients and assembles them into new, living protoplasm. After the cell has grown to the proper size, its metabolism shifts as it either prepares to divide or matures and ③ ___differentiates___ into a specialized cell. Both growth and development require a complex and dynamic set of interactions involving all cell parts. ④ ___What___ cell metabolism and structure should be complex would not be surprising, but actually, they are rather simple and logical. Even the most complex cell has only a small number of parts, each ⑤ ___responsible___ for a distinct, well-defined aspect of cell life.

정답: ④
해설: [출제 의도] 문법성 판단
[해석]
개체 전체와 마찬가지로, 세포도 수명을 가지고 있다. 그것의 생명 주기 동안에, 세포의 크기, 모양, 물질대사 활동이 극적으로 변할 수 있다. 세포는 모세포가 분열할 때 쌍둥이로 '탄생'하여, 두 개의 딸세포를 생성한다. 각각의 딸세포는 모세포보다 더 작으며, 특이한 경우를 제외하고는 각각 모세포의 크기만큼 커질 때까지 자란다. 이 기간 동안, 세포는 물, 당, 아미노산, 그리고 다른 영양소들을 흡수하고 그것들을 새로운 살아있는 원형질로 조합한다. 세포가 적절한 크기로 성장한 후, 그것은 분열할 준비를 하거나 혹은 성숙하여 특화된 세포로 분화하면서 그것의 물질대사가 변화한다. 성장과 발달 둘 다 모든 세포 부분을 포함하는 일련의 복잡하고 역동적인 상호 작용을 필요로 한다. 세포의 물질대사와 구조가 복잡할 것임은 놀라운 것이 아니겠지만, 실제로 그것들은 꽤 간단하고 논리적이다. 가장 복잡한 세포조차도 그저 몇몇 부분만을 가지고 있는데, 각각은 세포 생명의 뚜렷하고, 명확한 측면을 맡고 있다.
[풀이]
④ '~라는 것'이라는 뜻의 문장의 주어 역할을 하는 would 앞까지의 부분이 절의 모든 중요 구성 요소를 지니고 있으므로 what을 쓸 수 없으며 that으로 바꾸어야 한다. 그러므로 정답은 ④이다.
① 주절의 주어를 의미상 주어로 하는 분사구문 producing ~을 쓴 것은 어법상 적절하다.
② as the mother cell was large에서 large가 생략된 것으로 볼 수 있다.
③ either A or B 구조에서 A와 B에 오는 말은 병렬 구조를 이루어야 하므로 prepares와 마찬가지로 matures and differentiates ~을 쓴 것은 어법상 적절하다.
⑤ each being responsible ~의 분사구문에서 being이 생략된 것으로 볼 수 있다.
[Words and Phrases]
amino acid 아미노산 | nutrient 영양소 | differentiate 분화하다 | distinct 뚜렷한 | well-defined 명확한

You must create the 29th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format. Start by respecting the original text and assuming that it is correct. Do not assume any errors exist in the provided text.
Since this is an error identification problem that focuses exclusively on grammatical correctness, you must ensure that the problem evaluates only the grammatical correctness of the underlined portions, without considering the broader contextual meaning. So insert a word or phrase that is clearly grammatically incorrect but easy for students to mistake in one place.
Afterward, select five words or phrases in the passage where students are likely to make grammatical errors and underline them. Among these, one should be the grammatically incorrect option. Ensure that all other parts of the passage are grammatically correct.
The underlined options must be part of the passage itself, not provided separately. The passage should contain exactly five underlined options, each accompanied by a circled number as ① before it. For example, if 'engaged' in the phrase 'the support of engaged parents' is the second answer option, it should appear as 'the support of ② ___engaged___ parents' within the passage.
Ensure there are no extra underlines or missing underlines.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five underlined options included within the passage, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 29. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided. Do not keep the circled numbers or underlines in the [해석] section.
Create the 29th problem, starting with '29.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '30':
            return'''
You are crafting the 30th problem for student learning based on an English passage.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

It has been suggested that "organic" methods, defined as those in which only natural products can be used as inputs, would be less damaging to the biosphere. Large-scale adoption of "organic" farming methods, however, would reduce yields and increase production costs for many major crops. Inorganic nitrogen supplies are essential for maintaining moderate to high levels of productivity for many of the non-leguminous crop species, because organic supplies of nitrogenous materials often are either limited or more expensive than inorganic nitrogen fertilizers.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
It has been suggested that "organic" methods, defined as those in which only natural products can be used as inputs, would be less damaging to the biosphere. Large-scale adoption of "organic" farming methods, however, would ① ___reduce___ yields and increase production costs for many major crops. Inorganic nitrogen supplies are ② ___essential___ for maintaining moderate to high levels of productivity for many of the non-leguminous crop species, because organic supplies of nitrogenous materials often are either limited or more expensive than inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. In addition, there are ③ ___benefits___ to the extensive use of either manure or legumes as "green manure" crops. In many cases, weed control can be very difficult or require much hand labor if chemicals cannot be used, and ④ ___fewer___ people are willing to do this work as societies become wealthier. Some methods used in "organic" farming, however, such as the sensible use of crop rotations and specific combinations of cropping and livestock enterprises, can make important ⑤ ___contributions___ to the sustainability of rural ecosystems.

정답: ③
해설: [출제 의도] 어휘의 적절성 파악
[해석]
천연 제품들만 투입물로 사용되는 방식으로 정의되는 '유기농' 방식은 생물권에 해를 덜 끼친다고 시사되어 왔다. 그러나 '유기농' 경작 방식의 대규모 채택은 많은 주요 작물의 산출량을 감소시키고 생산비를 증가시키게 된다. 무기질 질소 공급은 많은 비(非)콩과 작물 종의 생산성을 중상 수준으로 유지하는 데 필수적인데, 그것은 질소성 물질의 유기적 공급이 무기 질소 비료보다 자주 제한적이거나 더 비싸기 때문이다. 게다가, '친환경적인 거름' 작물로 거름이나 콩과 식물의 광범위한 사용에는 ___이점(→제약)___이 있다. 많은 경우, 화학 물질이 사용될 수 없으면 잡초 방제가 매우 어렵거나 많은 손일이 필요할 수 있는데, 사회가 부유해짐에 따라 이 작업을 기꺼이 하려는 사람이 더 적을 것이다. 그러나 돌려짓기의 합리적인 사용과 경작과 가축 경영의 특정한 조합과 같은 '유기농'경작에서 사용되는 몇몇 방식들은 농촌 생태계의 지속 가능성에 중요한 이바지를 할 수 있다.
[풀이]
③이 있는 문장 다음에 이어지는 문장에서 잡초 방제의 어려움이 언급되고 있으므로, ③에는 거름이나 콩과 식물의 광범위한 사용의 제약이 언급되어야 한다. 그러므로 benefits(이점)는 문맥상 쓰임이 적절하지 않고, constraints(제약)와 같은 단어로 바꿔야 한다.
[Words and Phrases]
organic 유기농의, 유기의, 화학 비료를 쓰지 않는 | input 투입물 | biosphere 생물권 | adoption 채택 | yield 산출량, 수확물 | crop 작물; 경작하다 | inorganic 무기질의 | nitrogen 질소 | nitrogenous material 질소성 물질 | moderate 중간의 | non-leguminous 비(非)콩과의 | extensive 광범위한 | sensible 합리적인 | crop rotation 돌려짓기 | specific 특정한 | combination 조합 | livestock 가축

You must create the 30th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format. Start by respecting the original text and assuming that it is correct. Do not assume any errors exist in the provided text.
Since it is a problem that identifies a part that does not fit contextually in the passage, you must first deeply understand the passage. Then, insert one word or phrase that is clearly contextually inappropriate but still seems reasonable at first glance. Avoid changing words that are already suitable, such as established literary or idiomatic expressions like 'landscape of education.' Preserve the integrity of the text.
Afterward, select five words or phrases in the passage where students are likely to make contextual errors and underline them. Among these, one should be the contextually incorrect option. The underlined options must be part of the passage itself, not provided separately. The passage should contain exactly five underlined options, each accompanied by a circled number as ⑤ before it. For example, if 'engaged' in the phrase 'the support of engaged parents' is the second answer option, it should appear as 'the support of ② ___engaged___ parents' within the passage.
You are containing the possibility that you might say a word that fits the context is incorrect, and instead suggest a word that is actually out of place. Therefore, keep this possibility in mind, thoroughly review the passage, and ensure that you select a word that is clearly contextually inappropriate to create a correct problem.
This problem consists of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five underlined options included within the passage, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous 30th problem. Use authoritative and direct Korean (반말) for the queries and explanations, rather than polite language (경어). The explanation must follow the structure of previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, provide translations for both the correct and incorrect answers.
Do not keep the circled numbers or underlines in the [해석] section.
Create the 30th problem, starting with '30.', using the given text:\n'''
#In the [해석] section, omit the circled numbers and underlines except for the right answer, and add the expression (→correct word), such as ___틀림(→맞음)___ to the right answer only; this expression should not be applied to other options.

        elif problem_index == '31':
            return '''
You are meticulously crafting the 31st English problem for the Korean Suneung exam for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. However, whenever possible, respect the original text, keeping in mind that it may have significant philosophical depth and may include famous quotes from well-known individuals, thereby avoiding unnecessary changes that could diminish the value of the original passage. After that, you can begin creating the fill-in-the-blank problem. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Small blank is shown using 10 underscores '__________'; underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past passage used for this problem type was:
Humor involves cognitive disengagement, making us unconcerned with reality or truth when something's funny. We allow exaggeration for extra laughs, granting comic licence. The creator of humour is putting ideas into people's heads for the pleasure those ideas will bring, not to provide accurate information.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

31. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Humor involves cognitive disengagement, making us unconcerned with reality or truth when something's funny. We allow exaggeration for extra laughs, granting comic licence. The creator of humour is putting ideas into people's heads for the pleasure those ideas will bring, not to provide __________ information.

① accurate
② detailed
③ useful
④ additional
⑤ alternative

정답: ①
해설: [출제 의도] 빈칸 추론
[해석]
유머는 실제적인 이탈뿐만 아니라 인식의 이탈을 포함한다. 어떤 것이 재미있다면, 우리는 잠깐 그것이 진짜인지 허구인지, 진실인지 거짓인지에 관해 관심을 두지 않는다. 이것이 우리가 재미있는 이야기를 하는 사람들에게 상당한 여지를 주는 이유이다. 만약 그들이 상황의 어리석음을 과장하거나 심지어 몇 가지 세부 사항을 꾸며서라도 추가 웃음을 얻고 있다면, 우리는 그들에게 기꺼이 희극적 파격, 일종의 시적 파격을 허락한다. 실제로, 재미있는 이야기를 듣고 있는 누군가가 '아니야, 그는 스파게티를 키보드와 모니터에 쏟은 것이 아니라 키보드에만 쏟았어.'라며 말하는 사람을 바로잡으려고 하면 그는 아마 듣고 있는 다른 사람들에게서 방해하지 말라는 말을 들을 것이다. 유머를 만드는 사람은 사람들의 머릿속에 생각을 집어넣고 있는데, 그 생각이 가져올 재미를 위해서이지 ___정확한___ 정보를 제공하기 위해서가 아니다.
[풀이]
빈칸 다음에 오는 'information'의 성격을 정확하게 반영하는 단어를 선택해야 한다. 유머는 기쁨을 주기 위한 것이며, 그것이 현실 또는 진실인지는 중요하지 않다고 한다. 따라서 유머가 제공하지 않는 정보의 특성을 가장 잘 표현하는 단어는 '정확한'을 의미하는 ①이 가장 적절하다.
② 상세한 ③ 유용한 ④ 부가적인 ⑤ 대안적인
[Words and Phrases]
disengagement 이탈, 해방 | for the moment 잠깐 | exaggerate 과장하다 | silliness 어리석음 | make up ~을 꾸며내다, 지어내다 | grant 허락하다, 부여하다 | licence (창작상의) 파격, 허용 | correct 바로잡다, 정정하다 | spill 쏟다, 흘리다 | interrupt 방해하다, 끼어들다 | provide 제공하다

You must create the 31st problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
The answer choices are around 1 to 2 words each.
When creating a fill-in-the-blank query, if any part of the original sentence—whether it is a phrase, word, or the full sentence—is well-written in English and can be inferred from the other content, use it as the correct answer choice.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 32. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided. Instead of blanks in the English passage, the [해석] section in the Korean translation must fill in the blanks with the original content that serves as the answer, and the filled-in portions must be underlined.
Create the problem, starting with '31.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '32':
            return '''
You are crafting the 32nd problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. However, whenever possible, respect the original text, keeping in mind that it may have significant philosophical depth and may include famous quotes from well-known individuals, thereby avoiding unnecessary changes that could diminish the value of the original passage. After that, you can begin creating the fill-in-the-blank problem. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Blank(medium blank) is shown using 20 underscores '____________________'; underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Television news is shaped not just by the topics it covers but also by how it's presented, both verbally and visually. Modern news uses faster editing, flashy visuals, logos, sound-bites, and charismatic presenters. While these styles help engage viewers who might lose interest in longer, more detailed formats, they also risk reducing understanding by leaving out important context for the events.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

32. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
News, especially in its televised form, is constituted not only by its choice of topics and stories but by its ____________________. Presentational styles have been subject to a tension between an informational-educational purpose and the need to engage us entertainingly. While current affairs programmes are often 'serious' in tone sticking to the 'rules' of balance, more popular programmes adopt a friendly, lighter, idiom in which we are invited to consider the impact of particular news items from the perspective of the 'average person in the street'. Indeed, contemporary news construction has come to rely on an increased use of faster editing tempos and 'flashier' presentational styles including the use of logos, sound-bites, rapid visual cuts and the 'star quality' of news readers. Popular formats can be said to enhance understanding by engaging an audience unwilling to endure the longer verbal orientation of older news formats. However, they arguably work to reduce understanding by failing to provide the structural contexts for news events.

① coordination with traditional display techniques
② prompt and full coverage of the latest issues
③ educational media contents favoured by producers
④ commitment to long-lasting news standards
⑤ verbal and visual idioms or modes of address

정답: ⑤
해설: [출제 의도] 빈칸 추론
[해석]
뉴스, 특히 텔레비전으로 방송되는 형태는 그것이 선택하는 주제와 이야기뿐만 아니라 그것의 ___언어적, 시각적 표현 양식이나 전달 방식___에 의해서도 구성된다. 표현 방식은 정보 제공 및 교육적 목적과 재미있게 우리의 주의를 끌 필요성 사이의 긴장 상태에 영향을 받아 왔다. 시사 프로그램들이 흔히 균형이라는 규칙을 고수하면서 어조가 진지하지만, 더 대중적인 프로그램들은 친근하고 더 가벼운 표현 양식을 채택하는데 그 표현 양식에서 우리는 거리에서 만나는 보통 사람의 관점에서 특정 뉴스 기사의 영향을 고려해보게 된다. 사실, 현대의 뉴스 구성은 로고, 짤막한 방송용 어구, 빠른 시각적 편집 화면, 그리고 뉴스 독자의 스타성을 이용하는 것을 포함한 더 빠른 편집 속도와 더 현란한 표현 방식을 더 많이 이용하는 것에 의존하게 되었다. 대중적인 구성은 장황한 언어를 지향하는 낡은 뉴스 구성 방식을 견딜 의사가 없는 시청자의 주의를 끌어서 이해를 높였다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 그것은 뉴스 사건에 관한 구조적 맥락을 제공하지 못함으로써 아마 틀림없이 이해를 감소시키는 효과가 있다.
[풀이]
뉴스, 특히 텔레비전으로 방송되는 형태의 뉴스가 내용 뿐만 아니라 시각적인 편집 화면, 짤막한 방송용 어구 등을 이용하여 더 빠른 편집 템포, '더 현란한' 표현 방식을 활용하여 시청자의 주의를 끌어 뉴스에 대한 이해를 높인다는 주장을 언급하는 내용으로 보아, 빈칸에는 ⑤가 가장 적절하다.
① 전통적인 표현 기법과의 조화
② 최신 이슈에 대한 신속하고도 완전한 취재
③ 제작자가 선호하는 교육용 매체 내용
④ 오래도록 지속하는 뉴스 기준에 대한 전념
[Words and Phrases]
constitute 구성하다 | presentational style 표현 방식 | subject to ~의 영향을 받는 | tension 긴장 상태 | informational 정보를 제공하는 | engage 주의를[마음을] 끌다 | entertainingly 재미있게 | current affairs programme 시사 프로그램 | tone 어조 | stick to ~을 고수하다 | idiom 표현 양식, 관용구 | perspective 관점 | contemporary 현대의 | construction 구성 | flashy 현란한, 화려한 | sound-bite 짤막한 방송용 어구 | format (전체) 구성, 포맷 | enhance 높이다 | verbal 언어적인 | orientation 지향 | arguably 아마 틀림없이, 주장하건대 | structural 구조적인 | context 맥락, 상황

You must create the 32nd problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
The answer choices are around 6 to 8 words each.
When creating a fill-in-the-blank query, if any part of the original sentence—whether it is a phrase, word, or the full sentence—is well-written in English and can be inferred from the other content, use it as the correct answer choice.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 32. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided. Instead of blanks in the English passage, the [해석] section in the Korean translation must fill in the blanks with the original content that serves as the answer, and the filled-in portions must be underlined.
Create the 32nd problem, starting with '32.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '33':
            return '''
You are crafting the 33rd problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. However, whenever possible, respect the original text, keeping in mind that it may have significant philosophical depth and may include famous quotes from well-known individuals, thereby avoiding unnecessary changes that could diminish the value of the original passage. After that, you can begin creating the fill-in-the-blank problem. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Large blank is shown using 30 underscores '______________________________'; underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

In the 17th century the French painter and theorist Charles Le Brun drew a series of faces illustrating the various emotions that painters could be called upon to represent. What is striking about them is that any number of them could be substituted for one another without loss. What is missing in all this is any setting or context to make the emotion determinate.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

33. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
There have been psychological studies in which subjects were shown photographs of people's faces and asked to identify the expression or state of mind evinced. The results are invariably very mixed. In the 17th century the French painter and theorist Charles Le Brun drew a series of faces illustrating the various emotions that painters could be called upon to represent. What is striking about them is that ______________________________. What is missing in all this is any setting or context to make the emotion determinate. We must know who this person is, who these other people are, what their relationship is, what is at stake in the scene, and the like. In real life as well as in painting we do not come across just faces; we encounter people in particular situations and our understanding of people cannot somehow be precipitated and held isolated from the social and human circumstances in which they, and we, live and breathe and have our being.

① all of them could be matched consistently with their intended emotions
② every one of them was illustrated with photographic precision
③ each of them definitively displayed its own social narrative
④ most of them would be seen as representing unique characteristics
⑤ any number of them could be substituted for one another without loss

정답: ⑤
해설: [출제 의도] 빈칸 추론
[해석]
피실험자에게 사람들의 얼굴 사진을 보여주고 분명히 나타나는 표정이나 마음 상태를 파악하도록 요청하는 심리학 연구가 있었다. 그 결과는 언제나 매우 엇갈린다. 17세기에 프랑스의 화가이자 이론가인 Charles Le Brun은 화가가 표현해 달라고 요청받을 수 있는 다양한 감정을 분명히 보여주는 일련의 얼굴 그림을 그렸다. 그 그림들에서 놀라운 점은 ___어떤 수의 얼굴 그림이든 손실 없이 서로 대체될 수 있었다___는 것이다. 이 모든 것에서 빠진 것은 감정을 확정적인 것으로 만드는 어떤 환경이나 맥락이다. 우리는 이 사람이 누구인지, 다른 이 사람들이 누구인지, 그들은 어떤 관계인지, 그 장면에서 관건이 무엇인지 등을 알아야 한다. 그림에서뿐만 아니라 실생활에서도 우리는 단지 얼굴만 우연히 마주치는 것이 아니며, 우리는 특정한 상황에서 사람들을 마주치고, 사람들에 대한 우리의 이해는 그들과 우리가 살아 숨 쉬고 존재하는 사회적, 인간적 상황으로부터 괴리된 채 그럭저럭 촉발되어 보유될 수는 없다.
[풀이]
17세기에 프랑스의 화가이자 이론가인 Charles Le Brun은 화가가 표현해 달라고 요청받을 수 있는 다양한 감정을 분명히 보여주는 일련의 얼굴 그림을 그렸는데, 그 그림들에서 빠진 것은 감정을 확정적인 것으로 만드는 어떤 환경이나 맥락이라고 했으므로, 그의 얼굴 그림들은 환경이나 맥락 없이 그려졌기 때문에 감정이 확정적인 것으로 드러나지 않아 서로 대체될 수 있었다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은 ⑤ '어떤 수의 얼굴 그림이든 손실 없이 서로 대체될 수 있었다'이다.
① 모든 얼굴 그림이 의도된 감정과 일관되게 일치할 수 있었다
② 모든 얼굴 그림이 사진과 같이 정밀하게 그려졌다
③ 얼굴 그림 각각이 자체의 사회적 이야기를 명확하게 보여주었다
④ 얼굴 그림 대부분이 고유한 특징을 나타내는 것으로 여겨질 것이다
[Words and Phrases]
subject 피실험자 | invariably 언제나, 변함없이 | mixed 엇갈린, 혼합된 | theorist 이론가 | illustrate 분명히 보여주다, 그려넣다 | represent 표현하다, 나타내다 | setting 환경, 설정 | determinate 확정적인, 확실한 | at stake 관건이 되는, 성패를 좌우하는 | come across ~을 우연히 마주치다 | encounter 마주치다, 맞닥뜨리다 | precipitate 촉발하다 | circumstance 상황 | substitute 대체하다

You must create the 33rd problem for the upcoming exam that follows not only the same format but also a similar length and difficulty level.
The passage for this problem is philosophical. Additionally, the answer choices are long sentences, around 9 to 12 words each. Keep in mind that this is challenging for high school students, making it a discriminative problem.
The answer choices should be complete sentences, not clauses or phrases.
When creating a fill-in-the-blank query, if any part of the original sentence—whether it is a phrase, word, or the full sentence—is well-written in English and can be inferred from the other content, use it as the correct answer choice.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 33. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided. Instead of blanks in the English passage, the [해석] section in the Korean translation must fill in the blanks with the original content that serves as the answer, and the filled-in portions must be underlined.
Create the 33rd problem, starting with '33.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '34':
            return '''
You are crafting the 34th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. However, whenever possible, respect the original text, keeping in mind that it may have significant philosophical depth and may include famous quotes from well-known individuals, thereby avoiding unnecessary changes that could diminish the value of the original passage. After that, you can begin creating the fill-in-the-blank problem. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Large blank is shown using 30 underscores '______________________________'; underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Historical insight is not a matter of a continuous "narrowing down" of previous options, not of an approximation of the truth, but, on the contrary, is an "explosion" of possible points of view. It therefore aims at the unmasking of previous illusions of determinacy and precision by the production of new and alternative representations, rather than at achieving truth by a careful analysis of what was right and wrong in those previous representations. And from this perspective, the development of historical insight may indeed be regarded by the outsider as a process of creating ever more confusion, a continuous querying of certainty and precision seemingly achieved already, rather than, as in the sciences, an ever greater approximation to the truth.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

34. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Precision and determinacy are a necessary requirement for all meaningful scientific debate, and progress in the sciences is, to a large extent, the ongoing process of achieving ever greater precision. But historical representation puts a premium on a proliferation of representations, hence not on the refinement of one representation but on the production of an ever more varied set of representations. Historical insight is not a matter of a continuous "narrowing down" of previous options, not of an approximation of the truth, but, on the contrary, is an "explosion" of possible points of view. It therefore aims at the unmasking of previous illusions of determinacy and precision by the production of new and alternative representations, rather than at achieving truth by a careful analysis of what was right and wrong in those previous representations. And from this perspective, the development of historical insight may indeed be regarded by the outsider as a process of creating ever more confusion, a continuous questioning of ______________________________, rather than, as in the sciences, an ever greater approximation to the truth.

① criteria for evaluating historical representations
② certainty and precision seemingly achieved already
③ possibilities of alternative interpretations of an event
④ coexistence of multiple viewpoints in historical writing
⑤ correctness and reliability of historical evidence collected

정답: ②
해설: [출제 의도] 빈칸 추론
[해석]
정확성과 확정성은 모든 의미 있는 과학 토론을 위한 필요 조건이며, 과학에서의 발전은 상당 부분, 훨씬 더 높은 정확성을 달성하는 계속 진행 중인 과정이다. 그러나 역사적 진술은 진술의 증식을 중요시하는데, 이는 한 가지 진술의 정제가 아닌, 훨씬 더 다양한 진술 집합의 생성에 중요성을 두는 것이다. 역사적 통찰은 이전에 선택한 것들을 지속해서 좁혀 가는' 것의 문제, 즉 진리에 근접함의 문제가 아니라, 반대로 가능한 관점들의 '폭발적 증가'이다. 그러므로 그것은 이전의 진술에서 무엇이 옳고 틀렸는지에 대한 신중한 분석에 의해 진리를 획득하는 것이 아니라, 새롭고 대안적인 진술의 생성에 의해 확정성과 정확성에 대해 이전에 가진 환상의 정체를 드러내는 것을 목표로 한다. 그리고 이러한 관점에서 보면, 역사적 통찰의 발전은 과학에서처럼 진리에 훨씬 더 많이 근접함보다는, 훨씬 더 큰 혼란을 만들어내는 과정, 즉 ___이미 획득한 것처럼 보이는 확실성과 정확성___에 대한 지속적인 의문 제기로 외부인에게 진정 여겨질 수도 있다.
[풀이]
과학에서는 정확성과 확정성이 매우 중요하지만, 역사적 진술에서는 한 가지 진술을 정제하는 것이 아닌, 훨씬 더 다양한 진술 집합을 생성하는 것이 중요하다는 내용의 글이다. 다시 말해, 역사적 통찰은 진리에 가까이 다가가는 것이 아니라, 가능한 관점이 폭발적으로 증가하여 함께 존재하는 과정으로, 정확성과 확정성에 대한 지속적인 의문 제기가 역사적 진술의 핵심이다. 따라서 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은 ②이다.
① 역사적 진술을 평가하는 기준
③ 어떤 사건에 대한 대안적 해석의 가능성
④ 역사 저술에서 다수의 관점 공존
⑤ 수집된 역사적 증거의 정확성과 신뢰성
[Words and Phrases]
precision 정확성 | determinacy 확정성 | necessary requirement 필요조건 | to a
large extent 상당 부분 | representation 진술, 설명, 묘사 | put a premium on ~을
중요시하다 | refinement 정제, 개선 | narrowing down 좁히기 | approximation 근접,
근사 | explosion 폭발적 증가 | unmasking 정체 밝히기 | illusion 환상, 착각 | be
regarded as ~으로 여겨지다 | questioning 의문 제기, 탐구 | seemingly ~인 것처럼 보이는

You must create the 34th problem for the upcoming exam that follows not only the same format but also a similar length and difficulty level.
The answer choices are around 7 to 9 words each.
When creating a fill-in-the-blank query, if any part of the original sentence—whether it is a phrase, word, or the full sentence—is well-written in English and can be inferred from the other content, use it as the correct answer choice.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 34. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided. Instead of blanks in the English passage, the [해석] section in the Korean translation must fill in the blanks with the original content that serves as the answer, and the filled-in portions must be underlined.
Create the 34th problem, starting with '34.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '35':
            return '''
You are crafting the 35th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options in the passage, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. Then, create the problem, keeping in mind that the answer choices are not provided separately from the passage and that there must be exactly five option sentences with circled numbers appearing within the passage. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Since their introduction, information systems have substantially changed the way business is conducted. This is particularly true for business in the shape and form of cooperation between firms that involves an integration of value chains across multiple units. The resulting networks do not only cover the business units of a single firm but typically also include multiple units from different firms. In order to allow these different units to cooperate successfully, the existence of a common platform is crucial.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Since their introduction, information systems have substantially changed the way business is conducted. ① This is particularly true for business in the shape and form of cooperation between firms that involves an integration of value chains across multiple units. ② The resulting networks do not only cover the business units of a single firm but typically also include multiple units from different firms. ③ As a consequence, firms do not only need to consider their internal organization in order to ensure sustainable business performance; they also need to take into account the entire ecosystem of units surrounding them. ④ Many major companies are fundamentally changing their business models by focusing on profitable units and cutting off less profitable ones. ⑤ In order to allow these different units to cooperate successfully, the existence of a common platform is crucial.

정답: ④
해설: [출제 의도] 글의 흐름과 무관한 문장 찾기
[해석]
정보 시스템은 도입 이래로 사업 수행 방식을 상당히 변화시켜왔다. 이는 특히 다수의 부문에 걸쳐 가치 체인의 통합을 수반하는 기업 간의 협력 형태와 유형의 사업에 특히 해당된다. 그 결과로 나타내는 네트워크는 단일 기업의 사업 부문을 포함할 뿐만 아니라, 서로 다른 기업의 여러 부문을 포함하기도 한다. 결과적으로, 기업은 지속 가능한 사업 성과를 보장하기 위해 그들 내부 조직에 주의를 기울일 필요가 있을 뿐만 아니라, 자신들을 둘러싸고 있는 부문들의 전체 생태계를 고려할 필요도 있다. (많은 주요 기업들은 수익성이 있는 부문에는 집중하고 수익성이 낮은 부문은 잘라냄으로써 자신들의 사업 모델을 근본적으로 변화시키고 있다.) 이 서로 다른 부문들이 성공적으로 협력할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 공동 플랫폼의 존재가 매우 중요하다.
[풀이]
정보 시스템의 도입 이후 기업 간의 협력 형태에 변화가 생기면서 기업이 사업을 수행하는 방식에 상당한 변화가 있었다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 전체 글의 흐름과 관계가 없는 문장은 많은 주요 기업들이 수익성이 있는 부문에는 집중하고 수익성이 낮은 부문은 잘라냄으로써 자신들의 사업 모델을 근본적으로 변화시키고 있다는 내용의 ④이다.
[Words and Phrases]
substantially 상당히 | integration 통합 | value chain 가치 체인(고객에 대한 제품이나 서비스의 창출 및 관리를 원활히 수행하는 기업 소속 직원들의 집단) | business unit 사업 부문 | sustainable 지속 가능한 | take ~ into account ~을 고려하다 | ecosystem 생태계 | fundamentally 근본적으로 | profitable 수익성이 있는

You must create the 35th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 35. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 35th problem, starting with '35.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '36':
            return '''
You are crafting the 36th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

According to the market response model, it is increasing prices that drive providers to search for new sources, innovators to substitute, consumers to conserve, and alternatives to emerge. Taxing certain goods or services, and so increasing prices, should result in either decreased use of these resources or creative innovation of new sources or options. The money raised through the tax can be used directly by the government either to supply services or to search for alternatives. Many examples of such "green taxes" exist. Facing landfill costs, labor expenses, and related costs in the provision of garbage disposal, for example, some cities have required households to dispose of all waste in special trash bags, purchased by consumers themselves, and often costing a dollar or more each.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

36. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
[According to the market response model, it is increasing prices that drive providers to search for new sources, innovators to substitute, consumers to conserve, and alternatives to emerge.]

(A) Many examples of such "green taxes" exist. Facing landfill costs, labor expenses, and related costs in the provision of garbage disposal, for example, some cities have required households to dispose of all waste in special trash bags, purchased by consumers themselves, and often costing a dollar or more each.
(B) Taxing certain goods or services, and so increasing prices, should result in either decreased use of these resources or creative innovation of new sources or options. The money raised through the tax can be used directly by the government either to supply services or to search for alternatives.
(C) The results have been greatly increased recycling and more careful attention by consumers to packaging and waste. By internalizing the costs of trash to consumers, there has been an observed decrease in the flow of garbage from households.

① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

정답: ②
해설: [출제 의도] 글의 순서 파악하기
[해석]
시장 반응 모형에 따르면, 공급자가 새로운 공급원을 찾게 하고, 혁신가가 대용하게 하고, 소비자가 아껴 쓰게 하고, 대안이 생기게 하는 것은 바로 가격의 인상이다. (B) 특정 재화나 서비스에 과세하여 가격이 인상되면 이러한 자원의 사용이 줄거나 새로운 공급원 또는 선택사항의 창조적 혁신을 낳을 것이다. 세금을 통해 조성된 돈은 정부가 직접 서비스를 공급하거나 대안을 모색하는 데 사용할 수 있다. (A) 그러한 '환경세'의 많은 예가 존재한다. 예를 들어, 쓰레기 매립 비용, 인건비, 쓰레기 처리를 준비하는 데 관련된 비용에 직면한 일부 도시는 가정이 모든 폐기물을 소비자가 직접 구입한, 각각 흔히 1달러 또는 그 이상씩 드는 특별 쓰레기봉투에 담아 처리하도록 요구해 왔다. (C) 그 결과 재활용이 크게 증가했고 소비자가 포장과 폐기물에 더 세심한 주의를 기울이게 되었다. 소비자에게 쓰레기 비용을 자기 것으로 만들게 함으로써, 가정에서 나오는 쓰레기 흐름의 감소가 관찰되었다.
[풀이]
가격 인상을 통해 공급자는 새로운 공급원을 찾고, 혁신가는 대용품을 찾고, 소비자는 아껴 쓰고, 대안이 생기게 된다는 내용의 주어진 글 다음에는, 특정 재화나 서비스에 대한 과세로 가격이 인상되면 자원의 사용이 줄거나 새로운 공급원이나 선택사항을 창조적으로 혁신하게 된다는 내용으로 부연 설명을 이어가는 (B)가 와야 한다. 그다음에는 특정 재화나 서비스에 부과된 세금을 such "green taxes"로 표현하고 그 예를 제시하는 (A)가 온 다음, 일부 도시가 가정의 모든 폐기물을 각각 흔히 1달러 또는 그 이상씩 드는 특별 쓰레기봉투에 담아 소비자가 직접 처리하도록 요구해왔다는 (A)의 마지막 문장에 대한 결과를 The results ~로 제시하는 (C)가 와야 한다. 따라서 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은 ② '(B)-(A)-(C)'이다.
[Words and Phrases] 
substitute 대용[대체]하다 | conserve 아껴 쓰다, 보존하다 | alternative 대안 | green tax 환경세(환경을 오염시키거나 파괴하는 행위자에게 부과하는 세금) | landfill 쓰레기 매립(지) | labor expense 인건비 | provision 준비, 공급 | garbage 쓰레기 | disposal 처리 | packaging 포장 | internalize 자기 것으로 만들다, 내면화하다

You must create the 36th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
The passage must consist of four sub-passages. The first sub-passage is enclosed in [ ], followed by three sub-passages labeled (A) to (C).
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 19. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 36th problem, starting with '36.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '37':
            return '''
You are crafting the 37th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

In spite of the likeness between the fictional and real world, the fictional world deviates from the real one in one important respect. The existing world faced by the individual is in principle an infinite chaos of events and details before it is organized by a human mind. This chaos only gets processed and modified when perceived by a human mind. The author has selected the content according to his own worldview and his own conception of relevance, in an attempt to be neutral and objective or convey a subjective view on the world. Whatever the motives, the author's subjective conception of the world stands between the reader and the original, untouched world on which the story is based.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

37. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
[In spite of the likeness between the fictional and real world, the fictional world deviates from the real one in one important respect.]

(A) The author has selected the content according to his own worldview and his own conception of relevance, in an attempt to be neutral and objective or convey a subjective view on the world. Whatever the motives, the author's subjective conception of the world stands between the reader and the original, untouched world on which the story is based.
(B) Because of the inner qualities with which the individual is endowed through heritage and environment, the mind functions as a filter; every outside impression that passes through it is filtered and interpreted. However, the world the reader encounters in literature is already processed and filtered by another consciousness.
(C) The existing world faced by the individual is in principle an infinite chaos of events and details before it is organized by a human mind. This chaos only gets processed and modified when perceived by a human mind.

① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

정답: ⑤
해설: [출제 의도] 글의 순서 파악하기
[해석]
허구의 세계와 현실의 세계 사이의 유사성에도 불구하고 허구의 세계는 하나의 중요한 측면에서 현실 세계로부터 벗어난다. (C) 개인이 직면한 기존(현실) 세계는 이론상으로는 인간의 정신에 의해 조직되기 전에는 사건들과 세부 사항들의 무한한 혼돈 상태이다. 이 혼돈 상태는 인간의 정신에 의해 인식될 때만이 처리되고 수정된다. (B) 개인이 유산과 환경을 통해 부여받은 내적 특성 때문에 그러한 정신은 그것을 통과하는 모든 외부의 인상이 걸러지고 해석되는 여과기 역할을 한다. 그러나 문학에서 독자가 접하는 세계는 이미 또 다른 의식에 의해 처리되고 여과되어 있다. (A) 작가는 중립적이고 객관적이려는, 또는 세계에 대한 주관적인 견해를 전달하려는 시도에서 자신의 세계관과 적절성에 대한 자신의 개념에 따라 내용을 선정했다. 동기가 무엇이든, 세계에 대한 작가의 주관적인 개념은 독자와 이야기의 기반이 되는 원래의 손대지 않은 세계 사이에 존재한다.
[풀이]
가상의 세계가 현실의 세계와 한 가지 중요한 측면에서 다르다고 언급한 주어진 글 뒤에는 현실의 세계에 대한 내용을 언급하는 (C)가 이어져야 한다. (C) 뒤에는 현실의 세계를 이어서 언급한 후 문학에서 독자가 접하는 세계를 언급하기 시작하는 (B)가 와야 한다. (B) 뒤에는 (B)에서 언급된 문학을 바탕으로 작가가 등장하고 작가에 의해 만들어지는 세계를 언급한 (A)가 와야 한다. 따라서 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은 ⑤ '(C)-(B)-(A)'이다.
[Words and Phrases] 
fictional 가상의, 허구의 | relevance 적절성, 타당성 | neutral 중립적인 | objective 객관적인 | subjective 주관적인 | untouched 본래 그대로의 | function 기능하다 | encounter 접하다, 마주치다 | consciousness 의식 | existing 현존하는, 현재의 | in principle 이론상으로는 | infinite 무한한 | modify 수정하다

You must create the 37th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
Be sure that the passage must consist of four sub-passages. The first sub-passage is placed inside brackets [ ], followed by three sub-passages labeled (A) to (C).
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 37. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 37th problem, starting with '37.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '38':
            return '''
You are crafting the 38th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options in the passage, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Do not select the first sentence of the passage to go inside the brackets [ ]. This will allow you to create a problem where the sentence is inserted in the middle of the passage.
Underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Introduction of robots into factories creates worry and fear. It is the responsibility of management to prevent or, at least, to ease these fears. For example, robots could be introduced only in new plants rather than replacing humans in existing assembly lines. Workers should be included in the planning for new factories or the introduction of robots into existing plants, so they can participate in the process.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

38. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
[Retraining current employees for new positions within the company will also greatly reduce their fear of being laid off.]

Introduction of robots into factories, while employment of human workers is being reduced, creates worry and fear. ( ① ) It is the responsibility of management to prevent or, at least, to ease these fears. ( ② ) For example, robots could be introduced only in new plants rather than replacing humans in existing assembly lines. ( ③ ) Workers should be included in the planning for new factories or the introduction of robots into existing plants, so they can participate in the process. ( ④ ) It may be that robots are needed to reduce manufacturing costs so that the company remains competitive, but planning for such cost reductions should be done jointly by labor and management. ( ⑤ ) Since robots are particularly good at highly repetitive simple motions, the replaced human workers should be moved to positions where judgment and decisions beyond the abilities of robots are required.

정답: ⑤
해설: [출제 의도] 주어진 문장 넣기
[해석]
공장에 로봇을 도입하는 것은, 인간 노동자의 고용이 줄어들면서 걱정과 두려움을 불러일으킨다. 이러한 두려움을 예방하거나 최소한 완화하는 것은 경영진의 책임이다. 예를 들어 로봇은 기존 조립 라인에서 인간을 대체하는 대신 새로운 공장에만 도입될 수 있다. 노동자는 새로운 공장을 계획하거나 기존의 공장에 로봇을 도입하는 데 포함되어야 하는데, 그렇게 함으로써 그들은 그 과정에 참여할 수 있다. 회사가 경쟁력을 유지하도록 제조원가를 낮추기 위해 로봇이 필요할 수도 있지만, 그러한 원가절감을 위한 계획은 노사가 함께해야 한다. ___회사 내 새로운 직책을 위해 현재 직원을 재교육하면 해고에 대한 두려움도 또한 크게 줄어들 것이다.___ 로봇은 특히 매우 반복적인 단순 동작을 잘하기 때문에 교체된 인간 노동자는 로봇의 능력을 넘어선 판단과 결정이 필요한 위치로 옮겨져야 한다.
[풀이]
공장에 로봇을 도입함으로써 발생할 수 있는 노동자의 걱정과 두려움을 완화시켜줄 수 있는 방안의 예를 열거하고 있는 글이다. 주어진 문장은 새로운 직책을 위해 현재 직원을 재교육하는 방안을 제안하는 내용이므로, 직원의 원래 자리에는 로봇이 일하고 그 직원은 로봇이 할 수 없는 판단과 결정이 필요한 위치로 옮겨져야 한다는 문장 앞인 ⑤에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
[Words and Phrases]
be laid off 실직을 당하다 | introduction 도입 | management 경영(진) | replace 대체하다 | existing 기존의 | competitive 경쟁력이 있는 | repetitive 반복적인 | judgment 판단

You must create the 38th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
Be sure that the initial English sentence, not the entire passage, is placed inside brackets [ ].
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 38. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 38th problem, starting with '38.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '39':
            return '''
You are crafting the 39th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a distorted passage, options in the passage, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Do not select the first sentence of the passage to go inside the brackets [ ]. This will allow you to create a problem where the sentence is inserted in the middle of the passage.
Underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Cinema is valuable not for its ability to make visible the hidden outlines of our reality, but for its ability to reveal what reality itself veils ― the dimension of fantasy. As long as the irrealism of the silent black and white film predominated, one could not take filmic fantasies for representations of reality. This is why, to a person, the first great theorists of film decried the introduction of sound and other technical innovations (such as color) that pushed film in the direction of realism. Since cinema was an entirely fantasmatic art, these innovations were completely unnecessary. And what's worse, they could do nothing but turn filmmakers and audiences away from the fantasmatic dimension of cinema, potentially transforming film into a mere delivery device for representations of reality.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

39. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
[As long as the irrealism of the silent black and white film predominated, one could not take filmic fantasies for representations of reality.]
Cinema is valuable not for its ability to make visible the hidden outlines of our reality, but for its ability to reveal what reality itself veils ― the dimension of fantasy. ( ① ) This is why, to a person, the first great theorists of film decried the introduction of sound and other technical innovations (such as color) that pushed film in the direction of realism. ( ② ) Since cinema was an entirely fantasmatic art, these innovations were completely unnecessary. ( ③ ) And what's worse, they could do nothing but turn filmmakers and audiences away from the fantasmatic dimension of cinema, potentially transforming film into a mere delivery device for representations of reality. ( ④ ) But sound and color threatened to create just such an illusion, thereby destroying the very essence of film art. ( ⑤ ) As Rudolf Arnheim puts it, "The creative power of the artist can only come into play where reality and the medium of representation do not coincide."

정답: ④
해설: [출제 의도] 주어진 문장 넣기
[해석]
영화는 우리 현실의 숨겨진 윤곽을 보이게 만드는 능력 때문이 아니라 현실 자체가 가리고 있는 것, 즉 환상의 차원을 드러내는 능력 때문에 가치가 있다. 이것이 최초의 위대한 영화 이론가들이 영화를 사실주의 쪽으로 밀어붙였던 소리와 색채와 같은) 다른 기술 혁신의 도입을 이구동성으로 비난한 이유이다. 영화는 전적으로 환상적인 예술이었기 때문에 이러한 혁신은 완전히 불필요했다. 그리고 설상가상으로 그것들은 잠재적으로 영화를 현실의 묘사를 위한 단순한 전달 장치로 변형시키면서, 영화 제작자와 관객을 영화의 환상적인 차원에서 멀어지게 할 수 있을 뿐이었다. ___무성 흑백 영화의 비현실주의가 지배하는 동안은 영화적 환상을 현실에 대한 묘사로 착각할 수 없었다.___ 그러나 소리와 색채는 바로 그러한 착각을 만들겠다고 위협하여 영화 예술의 바로 그 본질을 파괴했다. Rudolf Arnheim이 표현한 것처럼 "예술가의 창의적 힘은 현실과 묘사의 매체가 일치하지 않는 곳에서만 발휘될 수 있다."
[풀이]
영화의 가치는 현실을 보여주는 것보다 현실이 가린 환상의 차원을 드러내는 데 있다고 한다. 한편 기술의 혁신으로 무성 영화 등과 달리 점점 현실에 가까운 표현을 하는 영화가 만들어지게 되었는데, 영화 이론가들은 이것을 비판하게 되었다. 환상적 예술로서의 영화가 아닌 현실을 표현하는 도구로서의 영화가 되는 것에 대한 비판이었다. 소리가 나지 않는 무성영화의 시대에 사람들은 현실과 환상을 구분하고 있었다는 내용의 이 글은, 소리와 색상에 의해 영화가 현실화되면서 그 본질이 파괴되었다는 글의 바로 앞에 오면, 두 내용이 'but'으로 대조되면서 연결된다. 그러므로 주어진 문장은 ④에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
[Words and Phrases]
predominate 지배하다 | representation 묘사 | veil 가리다 | dimension 차원 | introduction 도입 | innovation 혁신 | realism 사실주의 | entirely 전적으로 | potentially 잠재적으로 | transform 변형시키다 | illusion 착각, 환상 | play 작동하다 | coincide 일치하다 | come into play 작동하다 | coincide 일치하다

You must create the 39th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
Be sure that the initial English sentence, not the entire passage, is placed inside brackets [ ].
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 39. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases].
Create the 39th problem, starting with '39.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '40':
            return '''
You are crafting the 40th problem for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem consists of a query, a passage, options, a correct answer, and an explanation.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of five to seven sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Small blank is shown using 10 underscores '__________'; underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
The small blank for the word labeled (A) is shown as '____(A)____' instead of ten underscores, with (A) surrounded by a four-underscore pair.
A past English passage used for this problem type was:

Philip Kitcher and Wesley Salmon have suggested that there are two possible alternatives among philosophical theories of explanation. One is the view that scientific explanation consists in the unification of broad bodies of phenomena under a minimal number of generalizations. According to this view, the (or perhaps, a) goal of science is to construct an economical framework of laws or generalizations that are capable of subsuming all observable phenomena. Scientific explanations organize and systematize our knowledge of the empirical world; the more economical the systematization, the deeper our understanding of what is explained. The other view is the causal/mechanical approach.

With this passage, the following type of problem was previously posed:

40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Philip Kitcher and Wesley Salmon have suggested that there are two possible alternatives among philosophical theories of explanation. One is the view that scientific explanation consists in the unification of broad bodies of phenomena under a minimal number of generalizations. According to this view, the (or perhaps, a) goal of science is to construct an economical framework of laws or generalizations that are capable of subsuming all observable phenomena. Scientific explanations organize and systematize our knowledge of the empirical world; the more economical the systematization, the deeper our understanding of what is explained. The other view is the causal/mechanical approach. According to it, a scientific explanation of a phenomenon consists of uncovering the mechanisms that produced the phenomenon of interest. This view sees the explanation of individual events as primary, with the explanation of generalizations flowing from them. That is, the explanation of scientific generalizations comes from the causal mechanisms that produce the regularities.

→ [Scientific explanations can be made either by seeking the ____(A)____ numbers of principles covering all observations or by finding general ____(B)____ drawn from individual phenomena.]

     (A) ... (B)
① least ... patterns
② fixed ... features
③ limited ... functions
④ fixed ... rules
⑤ least ... assumptions

정답: ①
해설: [출제 의도] 요약문 완성
[해석]
Philip Kitcher와 Wesley Salmon은 설명에 대한 철학적 이론 중 두 가지 가능한 대안이 있다고 제안했다. 하나는 과학적 설명이 최소한으로 적은 수의 일반화 아래에 광범위하게 많은 현상들을 '통합'하는 데 있다는 견해이다. 이 견해에 따르면 과학의 목표(혹은 어쩌면 한 가지 목표)는 모든 관찰할 수 있는 현상을 포섭할 수 있는 법칙이나 일반화의 경제적인 틀을 구성하는 것이다. 과학적 설명은 경험적 세계에 대한 우리의 지식을 조직하고 체계화하는데, 체계화가 더 경제적일수록, 설명되는 것에 대한 우리의 이해는 더 깊어진다. 다른 관점은 '인과 관계적/기계론적'접근이다. 그것에 따르면, 어떤 현상에 대한 과학적인 설명은 관심있는 그 현상을 만들어 낸 메커니즘을 밝혀내는 것으로 이루어져 있다. 이 관점은 개별 사건들에 대한 설명을 일차적으로 보고, 일반화에 대한 설명이 그것들로부터 흘러나온다고 본다. 즉, 과학적 일반화에 대한 설명은 규칙성을 만들어 내는 인과적 메커니즘에서 비롯된다.
→
과학적 설명은 모든 관찰에 적용되는 ___최소한의___ 원리를 찾거나 개별 현상으로부터 도출된 일반적인 ___패턴___을 발견함으로써 이루어질 수 있다.
[풀이]
최소한으로 적은 수의 원리로 일반화해서 통합하는 방법, 패턴을 만드는 메커니즘을 밝히는 인과관계적/기계론적 접근 방법, 이 두 가지가 과학적 설명 방법이다. 전자는 광범위하게 조사해야 하고, 후자는 개별 현상을 깊이 연구해야 한다. 따라서 요약문의 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 각각 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은 ① '최소한의 ― 패턴'이다.
② 고정된 ― 특징 ③ 제한된 ― 기능
④ 고정된 ― 규칙 ⑤ 최소한의 ― 가정
[Words and Phrases] 
alternative 대안 | theory 이론 | view 견해 | consist in ~에 있다 | body 많은 양[모음] | phenomenon 현상(pl. phenomena) | minimal 최소의, 아주 적은 | generalization 일반화 | construct 구성하다, 세우다 | framework 틀 | be capable of ~할 수 있다 | observable 관찰할 수 있는 | organize 정리하다 | systematize 체계화하다 | causal 인과관계의 | mechanical 기계론적인 | uncover 밝혀내다, 알아내다 | mechanism 메커니즘, 구조 | primary 일차적인, 주요한 | regularity 규칙성, 규칙적임

You must create the 40th problem for the upcoming exam that follows the same format.
This problem must consist of a query in Korean, a passage in English, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and an explanation in Korean, just like the previous problem 40. Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
Be sure that the summary is placed inside brackets [ ].
The explanation must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [출제 의도], [해석], [풀이], and [Words and Phrases]. In the [풀이] section, translations for both the correct and incorrect answers should be provided.
Create the 40th problem, starting with '40.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '41_42':
            return '''
You are crafting a group of problems consisting of the 41st and 42nd problems for student learning based on a provided text.
First, as a preliminary step, create a single well-developed English paragraph consisting of eight to ten sentences from the given text; if it has more than seven sentences, select the parts that seem beneficial for learning and structure the paragraph accordingly before proceeding to the next task, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
To create problem 42, there must be a word in the passage that completely contradicts the context. However, the given passage always follows a unique and convincing context. Therefore, to formulate the problem, it's necessary to modify the passage by injecting new words, phrases, or sentences that don't fit the original context. Perform this task first.
Underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
This group should include an instruction, an adapted passage containing exactly five underlined words labeled (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) before each underlined word, and two problems. Each problem should contain a query, five options, a correct answer, and a shared explanation for all problems.
Here's an example of a past English passage used for these types of problems:

Classifying things together into groups is something we do all the time, and it isn't hard to see why. Imagine trying to shop in a supermarket where the food was arranged in random order on the shelves: tomato soup next to the white bread in one aisle, chicken soup in the back next to the 60-watt light bulbs, one brand of cream cheese in front and another in aisle 8 near the cookies. The task of finding what you want would be time-consuming and extremely difficult, if not impossible. In the case of a supermarket, someone had to design the system of classification. But there is also a ready-made system of classification embodied in our language. The word "dog," for example, groups together a certain class of animals and distinguishes them from other animals.

With this passage, the following types of problems were previously posed:

[41~42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
Classifying things together into groups is something we do all the time, and it isn't hard to see why. Imagine trying to shop in a supermarket where the food was arranged in random order on the shelves: tomato soup next to the white bread in one aisle, chicken soup in the back next to the 60-watt light bulbs, one brand of cream cheese in front and another in aisle 8 near the cookies. The task of finding what you want would be (a) ___time-consuming___ and extremely difficult, if not impossible. In the case of a supermarket, someone had to (b) ___design___ the system of classification. But there is also a ready-made system of classification embodied in our language. The word "dog," for example, groups together a certain class of animals and distinguishes them from other animals. Such a grouping may seem too (c) ___abstract___ to be called a classification, but this is only because you have already mastered the word. As a child learning to speak, you had to work hard to (d) ___learn___ the system of classification your parents were trying to teach you. Before you got the hang of it, you probably made mistakes, like calling the cat a dog. If you hadn't learned to speak, the whole world would seem like the (e) ___unorganized___ supermarket; you would be in the position of an infant, for whom every object is new and unfamiliar. In learning the principles of classification, therefore, we'll be learning about the structure that lies at the core of our language.

41. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① Similarities of Strategies in Sales and Language Learning
② Classification: An Inherent Characteristic of Language
③ Exploring Linguistic Issues Through Categorization
④ Is a Ready-Made Classification System Truly Better?
⑤ Dilemmas of Using Classification in Language Education

정답: ②

42. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
① (a)    ② (b)    ③ (c)    ④ (d)    ⑤ (e)

정답: ③

해설: [해석]
사물들을 묶어서 그룹으로 분류하는 것은 우리가 항상 하는 일이며, 그 이유를 이해하는 것은 어렵지 않다. 음식이 진열대에 마구잡이로 배열된 슈퍼마켓에서 쇼핑하려고 한다고 상상해 보라. 한 통로에서는 흰빵 옆에 토마토 수프가 있고, 치킨 수프는 뒤쪽에 있는 60와트 백열 전구 옆에 있고, 한 크림치즈 브랜드는 앞쪽에, 또 다른 하나는 쿠키 근처의 8번 통로에 있다. 여러분이 원하는 것을 찾는 일은, 불가능하지는 않더라도, 시간이 많이 걸리고 매우 어려울 것이다.
슈퍼마켓의 경우, 누군가는 분류 체계를 설계해야 했다. 하지만 또한 우리 언어에 포함되어 있는 기성의 분류 체계도 있다. 예를 들어, '개'라는 단어는 특정 부류의 동물들을 함께 분류하여 다른 동물들과 구별한다. 분류라고 하기에는 그러한 분류가 너무 추상적으로(→ 분명해) 보일 수 있지만, 이것은 단지 여러분이 이미 그 단어를 숙달했기 때문이다. 말하기를 배우는 아이로서, 여러분은 부모님이 가르쳐주려 애썼던 분류 체계를 익히기 위해 열심히 노력해야 했다. 여러분이 그것을 이해하기 전에, 아마 고양이를 개라고 부르는 것과 같은 실수를 했을 것이다. 만약 여러분이 말하기를 배우지 않았다면, 온 세상이 정돈되지 않은 슈퍼마켓처럼 보일 것이다. 여러분은 모든 물건이 새롭고 낯선 유아의 처지에 있을 것이다. 그러므로 분류의 원리를 배울 때, 우리는 언어의 핵심에 있는 구조에 대해 배우고 있는 것이다.
[41 출제 의도] 장문(제목 추론)
[41 풀이]
윗글은 언어와 분류 체계의 관계에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 슈퍼마켓에서 물건을 어떻게 배열하는지를 예로 들어 분류의 중요성을 설명한다. 그러므로 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 ② '분류: 언어의 본질적 특성'이다.
① 영업과 어학학습 전략의 유사성
③ 범주화를 통한 언어학적 문제 탐색
④ 기성의 분류 시스템이 정말 더 나은가?
⑤ 언어교육에서 분류 활용의 딜레마
[42 출제 의도] 장문(문맥 속의 어휘 추론)
[42 풀이]
분류 체계가 우리 언어에도 내장되어 있다는 것을 설명하기 위해 '개'라는 단어로 특정 동물을 묶는 것을 예로 들었다. 이런 분류가 어떻게 보이는가를 기술하고 있고, 그렇게 보이는 이유는 우리가 이미 그 단어를 숙달했기 때문이라는 내용이 뒤에 이어지고 있으므로 (c)의 abstract는 obvious와 같은 단어로 바꾸어야 한다.
[Words and Phrases]
classify 분류하다 | arrange 배열하다 | random 마구잡이로 하는 | aisle 통로 | light bulb 백열 전구 | time-consuming 시간이 많이 걸리는 | ready-made 기성의, 이미 만들어진 | embody 포함하다, 구현하다 | distinguish 구별하다 | abstract 추상적인 | master 숙달하다 | get the hang of ~을 이해하다 | unorganized 정돈되지 않은 | infant 유아 | unfamiliar 낯선 | core 핵심

For the upcoming exam, you are tasked with designing a problem group that comprises problems 41 and 42. This group should be labeled as [41~42]. It should include an instruction, followed by an adapted English passage, and problems numbered 41 and 42 in accordance with the established format.
Keep in mind that to create this problem group, the passage must contain exactly five underlined words. This is because the exam involves selecting from among five words.
Each of two problems must consist of a query in Korean, five options in English, a correct answer in Korean, and a shared explanation in Korean, just like the previous problems 41 to 42. The answer choices for problem 42 must be exactly as follows: '① (a)    ② (b)    ③ (c)    ④ (d)    ⑤ (e).'
Use Korean 반말(authoritative and direct language) in exam queries and authoritative explanations, rather than 경어(polite language).
The explanation(해설) must be structured exactly like the previous problems, with sections for [해석], [41 출제 의도], [41 풀이], [42 출제 의도], [42 풀이], and [Words and Phrases].
Create the problem group starting with [41~42], including an instruction, an adapted passage in English, problems 41 to 42 starting with '41.' and '42.', using the given text:\n'''

        elif problem_index == '43_45':
            return '''
You are crafting the 43rd to 45th problems for student learning whenever a text is provided. This problem group consists of an instruction in Korean, four English sub-passages labeled (A) through (D), and three problems.
First, as a preliminary step, create four English paragraphs consisting of five to seven sentences each from the given text, ensuring that each sentence is semantically, lexically, and grammatically perfect, and that the paragraph as a whole is consistent, philosophically sound, and of high quality.
Each of the four paragraphs will serve as a sub-passage for this problem. For the 43rd problem, shuffle the order of the second to fourth sub-passages to correct the sequence. This step is preparatory and should not be included in the final output.
Underlined text is indicated by surrounding it with a three-underscore pair, such as ___example___.
The passage must contain exactly five underlined pronouns, no more underline, no less; among the five underlined pronouns, four should refer to the same entity, and one should refer to a different entity.
Each problem should contain a query in Korean, five options (which may be in either Korean or English), a correct answer in Korean, and a shared explanation for all problems.
A past English passage used for these problem types was:

Anna, the head of the taekwondo club, was teaching the new members basic moves. Close by, her friend Jane was assisting Anna. Jane noticed that Anna was glancing at the entrance door of the gym. She seemed to be expecting someone. At last, when Anna took a break, Jane came over to her and asked, "Hey, are you waiting for Cora?"
Cora walked in like a wounded soldier with bandages on her face and arms. Surprised, Anna and Jane simply looked at her with their eyes wide open. Cora explained, "I'm sorry I've been absent. I got into a bicycle accident, and I was in the hospital for two days. Finally, the doctor gave me the okay to practice." Anna said excitedly, "No problem! We're thrilled to have you back!" Then, Jane gave Anna an apologetic look, and she responded with a friendly pat on Jane's shoulder."

With this passage, the following types of problems were previously posed:

[43~45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
(A)
In the gym, members of the taekwondo club were busy practicing. Some were trying to kick as high as they could, and some were striking the sparring pad. Anna, the head of the club, was teaching the new members basic moves. Close by, her friend Jane was assisting Anna. Jane noticed that Anna was glancing at the entrance door of the gym. She seemed to be expecting someone. At last, when Anna took a break, Jane came over to (a) ___her___ and asked, "Hey, are you waiting for Cora?"
(B)
Cora walked in like a wounded soldier with bandages on her face and arms. Surprised, Anna and Jane simply looked at her with their eyes wide open. Cora explained, "I'm sorry I've been absent. I got into a bicycle accident, and I was in the hospital for two days. Finally, the doctor gave me the okay to practice." Anna said excitedly, "No problem! We're thrilled to have you back!" Then, Jane gave Anna an apologetic look, and (b) ___she___ responded with a friendly pat on Jane's shoulder.
(C)
Anna answered the question by nodding uneasily. In fact, Jane knew what her friend was thinking. Cora was a new member, whom Anna had personally invited to join the club. Anna really liked (c) ___her___. Although her budget was tight, Anna bought Cora a taekwondo uniform. When she received it, Cora thanked her and promised, "I'll come to practice and work hard every day." However, unexpectedly, she came to practice only once and then never showed up again.
(D)
Since Cora had missed several practices, Anna wondered what could have happened. Jane, on the other hand, was disappointed and said judgingly, "Still waiting for her, huh? I can't believe (d) ___you___ don't feel disappointed or angry. Why don't you forget about her?" Anna replied, "Well, I know most newcomers don't keep their commitment to the club, but I thought that Cora would be different. She said she would come every day and practice." Just as Jane was about to respond to (e) ___her___, the door swung open. There she was!

43. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① (B)-(D)-(C)       ② (C)-(B)-(D)
③ (C)-(D)-(B)       ④ (D)-(B)-(C)
⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)

정답: ③

44. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
① (a)    ② (b)    ③ (c)    ④ (d)    ⑤ (e)

정답: ③

45. 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
① Anna는 신입 회원에게 태권도를 가르쳤다.
② Anna와 Jane은 Cora를 보고 놀라지 않았다.
③ Anna는 Cora에게 태권도 도복을 사 주었다.
④ Cora는 여러 차례 연습에 참여하지 않았다.
⑤ Anna는 Cora를 대다수의 신입 회원과 다를 것이라 생각했다.

정답: ②

해설: [해석]
(A) 체육관에서, 태권도 동아리 회원들이 부지런히 연습하고 있었다. 일부는 가능한 한 높이 발차기를 하려고 애쓰고 있었고, 일부는 겨루기 패드 치기를 하고 있었다. 동아리 반장인 Anna는 신입 회원들에게 기본 동작을 가르치고 있었다. 바로 옆에서 그녀의 친구인 Jane Anna를 보조하고 있었다. Jane은 Anna가 체육관의 출입문을 힐끗 보고 있다는 것을 알아차렸다. 그녀는 누군가를 기다리고 있는 것처럼 보였다. 드디어, Anna가 휴식을 취할 때 Jane이 그녀에게 다가와서 "야, Cora를 기다리고 있니?"라고 물었다.
(C) Anna는 걱정스럽게 고개를 끄덕여 그 질문에 응답했다. 사실, Jane은 자기 친구가 무엇을 생각하고 있는지 알고 있었다. Cora는 신입 회원인데, 그녀에게 Anna가 동아리에 가입하라고 직접 청했었다. Anna는 그녀를 진정으로 마음에 들어 했다. 자기 비용이 빠듯했지만, Anna는 Cora에게 태권도 도복을 사주었다. 그것을 받았을 때, Cora는 그녀에게 고마움을 표시하면서 "매일 연습하러 와서 열심히 할 거야."라고 약속했다. 하지만, 예상과 달리, 그녀는 연습하러 딱 한 번 왔고 그러고 나서 다시는 나타나지 않았다.
(D) Cora가 여러 번의 연습에 빠졌기 때문에 Anna는 무슨 일이 있었을지 궁금했다. 반면 Jane은 실망하여 "아직도 그녀를 기다리는 거야, 응? 나는 네가 실망감이나 화를 느끼지 않는 것을 믿을 수가 없어. 그녀에 대해 잊어버리는 것이 어때?"라고 재단하듯이 말했다. Anna는 "글쎄, 난 대다수의 신참자가 동아리에 대한 약속을 지키지 않는 것은 알지만, Cora는 다를 것이라고 생각했어. 그녀는 매일 와서 연습할 거라고 말했거든."이라고 대답했다. Jane이 바로 막 그녀에게 응답하려 했을 때, 문이 활짝 열렸다. 거기 그녀가 왔다!
(B) Cora는 얼굴과 두 팔에 붕대를 하고서 부상당한 군인처럼 걸어 들어왔다. 놀란 Anna와 Jane은 두 눈을 크게 뜨고서 그녀를 바라볼 뿐이었다. Cora는 "계속 오지 못해서 미안해. 난 자전거 사고가 나서 이틀 동안 입원해 있었어. 마침내 의사 선생님이 나에게 연습해도 좋다는 동의를 해주셨어."라고 설명했다. Anna가 "괜찮아! 우리는 네가 돌아오게 되어 신난다."라고 흥분하여 말했다. 그때, Jane이 Anna에게 사과하는 표정을 해 보이자, 그녀는 Jane의 어깨를 다정하게 쳐서 응답했다.
[43 출제 의도] 장문(글의 순서 파악)
[43 풀이]
Jane이 Anna에게 Cora를 기다리고 있는지 묻는 (A) 뒷부분의 내용에 이어, Anna가 응답하는 내용으로 시작하는 (C)가 이어진다. Cora가 매일 연습하러 오겠다고 약속한 것과 달리 한 번만 오고 나타나지 않았다는 (C)의 내용에 이어, 그와 관련한 Anna와 Jane의 상이한 반응을 언급한 (D)가 이어진다. Jane과 Anna가 대화하는데 문이 열리며 그녀(Cora)가 나타났다는 (D)의 내용에 뒤이어, Cora가 들어와서 그간의 오해가 풀리는 (B)가 이어진다.
[44 출제 의도] 장문(지칭 추론)
[44 풀이]
(a)는 Anna를 가리키고 있는데, 만약 Jane이라면 herself를 사용했을 것이다. (b) 역시 Anna를 가리킨다. (d)는 Jane이 Anna에게 말하고 있는 것이므로 Anna를 가리킨다. (e) 또한 Jane이 Anna에게 응답하려고 할 때 사용되므로 Anna를 가리키고 있다. 이와 달리, (c)는 Anna가 Cora를 좋아한다는 문맥에서 사용되므로 Cora를 가리킨다. 따라서 나머지 넷과 가리키는 대상이 다른 것은 ③ (c)이다.
[45 출제 의도] 장문(세부적 사실 파악)
[45 풀이]
(B)에서 Cora가 얼굴과 팔에 붕대를 하고서 들어왔을 때, 놀란 Anna와 Jane이 눈을 크게 뜨고서 그녀를 바라보았다고 했으므로, 글의 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은 ②이다.
[Words and Phrases]
sparring (태권도) 겨루기, (권투) 스파링(헤드기어를 쓰고 하는 연습 경기) | glance 힐끗 보다 | bandage 붕대 | apologetic 사과하는, 미안해하는 | pat (손으로 빠르고 부드럽게) 치기, 가볍게 쓰다듬기 | nod 끄덕이다 | uneasily 걱정스럽게 | personally (남을 통하지 않고) 직접, 개인적으로 | budget 비용, 생활비 | reply 대답하다 | commitment 약속, 전념 | respond 응답하다, 대답하다 | swing open (문이 좌우로) 활짝 열리다

You must create problems 43 to 45 for the upcoming exam that follows the same format. The passage must be in English, as this is an English exam, and the explanation should follow the same structure as the previous ones. Note that the [해석] section applies to the entire passage, not to each individual problem, and it must be followed by the sections [43 출제 의도], [43 풀이], [44 출제 의도], [44 풀이], [45 출제 의도], [45 풀이], and [Words and Phrases].
Each underlined pronoun must have a label (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) before it, and the labels must be used in order. No other words should be underlined, and there must be no labels beyond (e). Check that no underlined words are missing labels, and that no labels are duplicated or misplaced.
Problem 43 asks in what order the remaining three sub-passages should follow after sub-passage (A).
Problem 44 requires selecting one pronoun from the underlined (a) to (e) that refers to a different object than the other four. If 'we,' 'our,' or 'us' refers to an organization, ensure it consistently refers to the organization and not its members or staff; avoid confusing the organization's collective identity with individual members. When creating questions about pronoun references, ensure the explanation aligns with the pronoun's true referent in context. For example, in phrases like 'our students,' the pronoun 'our' should refer to the organization not the students. In the sentence 'We are proud of our students,' 'our' refers to the organization, not the students themselves. Use similar logic for other pronouns and labels. Double-check that the explanations align with the correct referents. If a pronoun like 'our' refers to an organization, do not mistakenly attribute it to the members. Clearly distinguish between the possessive entity and the subject in context.
The answer choices for problem 44 must be exactly as follows: '① (a)    ② (b)    ③ (c)    ④ (d)    ⑤ (e).' Check repeatedly to ensure that there are five labled pronouns in the passage. The underline should not be on the label itself but on the pronoun to which the label is attached. Each underlined pronoun must be preceded by a label in the format '(a) ___we___.' Double-check thoroughly to ensure there are exactly five underlined pronouns and that each is correctly labeled with (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e), respectively.
Problem 45 asks about specific details or facts from the passage.
Create the problem group starting with '[43~45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.', an adapted passage in English that contains four sub-passages, and problems 43 to 45 starting with '43.', '44.', and '45.', using the given text:\n'''